Endocrine Toxicology Exam 2
Questions and Answers
What is the function of plasticizers? - ANS-increase flexibility, workability, and
distensibility of plastic
Addition of plastic causes REDUCTION of - ANS-cohesive intermolecular forces
80% of consumption of plasticizers is - ANS-DEHP, DINP, DIDP
Which heavy metals are classified under first generation pesticides? - ANS-arsenic,
mercury, lead
99.9% of ingredients that make up a product's volume are - ANS-inert ingredients
Inert ingredients can be - ANS-carriers, solvents, preservatives, adjuvants
Ingredients that cause harm to the target - ANS-active ingredients
Who discovered DDT in 1939 and won the Nobel Prize in 1948? - ANS-Paul Muller
Which EDC did Paul Muller discover? - ANS-DDT
What are the 3 most common groups of second generation pesticides? - ANS-
chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates
Consumption of pesticides primarily occurs during which seasons? - ANS-spring and
summer (babies have higher incidence of birth defects when conceived in these
seasons)
What are the 4 major crops in the US? - ANS-corn, cotton, wheat, soybeans
An average homeowner applies about ___ times more pesticide per unit of land area
than farmers because they are uneducated. - ANS-5
Pesticides led to killing of _____ and has caused $_____ loss in agricultural economy. -
ANS-bees and butterflies, 8-12 billion
How do pesticides affect bees? - ANS-impair immune systems, reproduction, and
navigational ability and lower queen survival
, Pesticides bioaccumulate in _____ due to their lipophilic nature. - ANS-fatty tissues
What is ubiquitination? - ANS-post-translation modification
Increased ubiquitination can signal for - ANS-protein degradation via proteosomes
Pesticides increase _____ stress and affect the _____ membrane. - ANS-oxidative,
mitochondrial (leads to release of cytochrome C and apoptosis)
Mexican Valley children have worse drawing abilities due to - ANS-pesticides
What is the soil half-life of DDT? - ANS-2-15 years
What is the aquatic half-life of DDT? - ANS-150 years
Which animals are very vulnerable to DDT exposure which causes eggshell thinning
and embryo death? - ANS-bald eagles/ospreys
Which EDC is responsible for peregrine falcon endangerment/extinction? - ANS-DDT
Which EDC increases the percentage of female zebrafish and alters the sex ratio? -
ANS-atrazine
Atrazine reduces testosterone and testicular - ANS-3BHSD
Herbicide used as herbicidal warfare during the Vietnam War - ANS-agent orange
What chemicals make up Agent Orange? - ANS-2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Agent Orange causes - ANS-spina bifida
Endosulfan reduces which key antioxidant? - ANS-GSH
Which EDC caused birth defects in Florida babies associated with chemically-treated
tomatoes? - ANS-pesticides
What is hypospadias and which EDC is it associated with? - ANS-opening of urethra at
underside of penis, pesticides
Which EDC is a non-steroidal estrogen used to support pregnancy in the 1950s? - ANS-
DES
Which university synthesized DES? - ANS-Oxford
What are the 3 major characteristics of DES? - ANS-carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen
Questions and Answers
What is the function of plasticizers? - ANS-increase flexibility, workability, and
distensibility of plastic
Addition of plastic causes REDUCTION of - ANS-cohesive intermolecular forces
80% of consumption of plasticizers is - ANS-DEHP, DINP, DIDP
Which heavy metals are classified under first generation pesticides? - ANS-arsenic,
mercury, lead
99.9% of ingredients that make up a product's volume are - ANS-inert ingredients
Inert ingredients can be - ANS-carriers, solvents, preservatives, adjuvants
Ingredients that cause harm to the target - ANS-active ingredients
Who discovered DDT in 1939 and won the Nobel Prize in 1948? - ANS-Paul Muller
Which EDC did Paul Muller discover? - ANS-DDT
What are the 3 most common groups of second generation pesticides? - ANS-
chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates
Consumption of pesticides primarily occurs during which seasons? - ANS-spring and
summer (babies have higher incidence of birth defects when conceived in these
seasons)
What are the 4 major crops in the US? - ANS-corn, cotton, wheat, soybeans
An average homeowner applies about ___ times more pesticide per unit of land area
than farmers because they are uneducated. - ANS-5
Pesticides led to killing of _____ and has caused $_____ loss in agricultural economy. -
ANS-bees and butterflies, 8-12 billion
How do pesticides affect bees? - ANS-impair immune systems, reproduction, and
navigational ability and lower queen survival
, Pesticides bioaccumulate in _____ due to their lipophilic nature. - ANS-fatty tissues
What is ubiquitination? - ANS-post-translation modification
Increased ubiquitination can signal for - ANS-protein degradation via proteosomes
Pesticides increase _____ stress and affect the _____ membrane. - ANS-oxidative,
mitochondrial (leads to release of cytochrome C and apoptosis)
Mexican Valley children have worse drawing abilities due to - ANS-pesticides
What is the soil half-life of DDT? - ANS-2-15 years
What is the aquatic half-life of DDT? - ANS-150 years
Which animals are very vulnerable to DDT exposure which causes eggshell thinning
and embryo death? - ANS-bald eagles/ospreys
Which EDC is responsible for peregrine falcon endangerment/extinction? - ANS-DDT
Which EDC increases the percentage of female zebrafish and alters the sex ratio? -
ANS-atrazine
Atrazine reduces testosterone and testicular - ANS-3BHSD
Herbicide used as herbicidal warfare during the Vietnam War - ANS-agent orange
What chemicals make up Agent Orange? - ANS-2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Agent Orange causes - ANS-spina bifida
Endosulfan reduces which key antioxidant? - ANS-GSH
Which EDC caused birth defects in Florida babies associated with chemically-treated
tomatoes? - ANS-pesticides
What is hypospadias and which EDC is it associated with? - ANS-opening of urethra at
underside of penis, pesticides
Which EDC is a non-steroidal estrogen used to support pregnancy in the 1950s? - ANS-
DES
Which university synthesized DES? - ANS-Oxford
What are the 3 major characteristics of DES? - ANS-carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen
