Baylor Toxicology Exam 1 with
Accurate Solutions
Who said this quote: " the dose makes the poison" - ANS-Paracelsus
Who wrote the book on the history of toxicology? - ANS-- Embers Papyrus: wrote books
on information regarding poison
- Book of job that talks about poisonous arrows
- Hippocrates wrote about toxicology principles pertaining to availability in therapy
What is toxicology? - ANS-the study of the harmful affects of chemicals or poison
What is a poison? - ANS-any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a
biological system (human system)
Toxicology combines what fields? - ANS-biology and chemistry with other subjects so
that we can understand the effects of chemicals on living organisms
Who is a toxicologist? - ANS-scientist who have studied and trained in the adverse
affects of toxicants.
A toxicologist studies _______________and assesses the probability of
__________________ - ANS-adverse health effects; assesses the probability
What are the areas of toxicology? - ANS-clinical, forensic, regulatory, developmental,
reproductive, molecular, environmental toxicology
Poison - ANS-any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological
system
toxicity - ANS-how poisonous a substance is and denotes how the amount of a
substance can produce deleterious effect
*****Toxicants or Xenobiotics - ANS-MAN-MADE toxic substances that result from
human activity
toxin - ANS-usually refers to a toxic substance MADE by living organisms, insects,
plants and microorganisms
What is another word for toxicants or Xenobiotics? - ANS-anthropogenics, man-made,
synthetics, pollutants, contaminants, recalcitrant
, toxins are usually what food group? - ANS-a protein
dose-response curve (sigmoidal curve) - ANS-Plot of data showing effects of various
doses of a toxic agent on a group of test organisms.
Dose response relationship - ANS-the dose(x) in relation to the response (y) is linear.
What does the Scurve in the dose relationship graph mean? - ANS-it is the threshold
concentration
Lethal Dose (LD50) - ANS-Dose required to kill 50% of animals tested (used in the
dose-response relationship)
What does a lower number for LD50 indicate? - ANS-It indicates an increased toxicity.
For example, dioxin has a smaller number than nicotine so there is a smaller amount
needed to kill a population. Thus, the dioxin is more lethal.
Additive - ANS-the combination of two chemicals produces an effect that is equal to
their individual effects added together (2+2=4)
Synergism - ANS-indicates that the combined effect of exposure to two or more
chemicals is greater than the sum of their individual effects (2+4=10)
Potentiation - ANS-happens when one chemical that is not toxic causes another
chemical to become more toxic. (0+2=4)
Antagonism - ANS-means that two or more chemicals administered together interfere
with each others actions (2+4=3) may be in the middle value regarding toxicity.
What is acute exposure? - ANS-exposure that is less than 24 hours
What is subacute exposure? - ANS-exposure for one month or less
What is subchronic exposure? - ANS-1-3 months
What is chronic exposure? - ANS-exposure to a chemical for more than three months.
What is in vivo? - ANS-alive organisms exposed purposely or accidental
What is in Vitro? - ANS-cells derived from human, animal or plant sources
What is In silico? - ANS-predication made by computer modeling or simulation
Chapter 3 - ANS-Chapter 3
Accurate Solutions
Who said this quote: " the dose makes the poison" - ANS-Paracelsus
Who wrote the book on the history of toxicology? - ANS-- Embers Papyrus: wrote books
on information regarding poison
- Book of job that talks about poisonous arrows
- Hippocrates wrote about toxicology principles pertaining to availability in therapy
What is toxicology? - ANS-the study of the harmful affects of chemicals or poison
What is a poison? - ANS-any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a
biological system (human system)
Toxicology combines what fields? - ANS-biology and chemistry with other subjects so
that we can understand the effects of chemicals on living organisms
Who is a toxicologist? - ANS-scientist who have studied and trained in the adverse
affects of toxicants.
A toxicologist studies _______________and assesses the probability of
__________________ - ANS-adverse health effects; assesses the probability
What are the areas of toxicology? - ANS-clinical, forensic, regulatory, developmental,
reproductive, molecular, environmental toxicology
Poison - ANS-any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological
system
toxicity - ANS-how poisonous a substance is and denotes how the amount of a
substance can produce deleterious effect
*****Toxicants or Xenobiotics - ANS-MAN-MADE toxic substances that result from
human activity
toxin - ANS-usually refers to a toxic substance MADE by living organisms, insects,
plants and microorganisms
What is another word for toxicants or Xenobiotics? - ANS-anthropogenics, man-made,
synthetics, pollutants, contaminants, recalcitrant
, toxins are usually what food group? - ANS-a protein
dose-response curve (sigmoidal curve) - ANS-Plot of data showing effects of various
doses of a toxic agent on a group of test organisms.
Dose response relationship - ANS-the dose(x) in relation to the response (y) is linear.
What does the Scurve in the dose relationship graph mean? - ANS-it is the threshold
concentration
Lethal Dose (LD50) - ANS-Dose required to kill 50% of animals tested (used in the
dose-response relationship)
What does a lower number for LD50 indicate? - ANS-It indicates an increased toxicity.
For example, dioxin has a smaller number than nicotine so there is a smaller amount
needed to kill a population. Thus, the dioxin is more lethal.
Additive - ANS-the combination of two chemicals produces an effect that is equal to
their individual effects added together (2+2=4)
Synergism - ANS-indicates that the combined effect of exposure to two or more
chemicals is greater than the sum of their individual effects (2+4=10)
Potentiation - ANS-happens when one chemical that is not toxic causes another
chemical to become more toxic. (0+2=4)
Antagonism - ANS-means that two or more chemicals administered together interfere
with each others actions (2+4=3) may be in the middle value regarding toxicity.
What is acute exposure? - ANS-exposure that is less than 24 hours
What is subacute exposure? - ANS-exposure for one month or less
What is subchronic exposure? - ANS-1-3 months
What is chronic exposure? - ANS-exposure to a chemical for more than three months.
What is in vivo? - ANS-alive organisms exposed purposely or accidental
What is in Vitro? - ANS-cells derived from human, animal or plant sources
What is In silico? - ANS-predication made by computer modeling or simulation
Chapter 3 - ANS-Chapter 3
