NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology 50+ (Latest Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key
50+
Solutions


VERIFIED ANSWERS


Question 1
Acute renal failure
Correct Answer
Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that kidneys are functioning well


Question 2
Acute Pyelonephritis
Correct Answer
Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis

Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging


Question 3
Renal Calculi (Renal Stones)
Correct Answer
Goals of Treatment:
Manage acute pain
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation


Question 4
Chronic Renal Failure
Correct Answer
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as hypertension,
diabetes mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria

,Question 5
Who is a candidate for dialysis?
Correct Answer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number one cause being diabetes mellitus
combined with hypertension. At this point, the patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather than symptoms.

Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves) is an indication for dialysis. --
Hyperkalemia by itself is not an indication for dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an indication for dialysis and include salicylates,
Lithium, Isopropanol, Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.


Question 6
Stage I CKD
Correct Answer
There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR
90-120


Question 7
Stage II CKD

Correct Answer
There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89


Question 8
Stage III CKD
Correct Answer
There is a moderate decrease in GFR
30-59


Question 9
Stage IV CKD
Correct Answer
There is a severe decrease in GFR
15-29




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, Question 10
Stage V CKD
Correct Answer
Kidney failure- End-stage renal disease
<15 (dialysis) Once Stage IV is reached, progression to Stage V is inevitable as well as dialysis or kidney transplant


Question 11
Complications of Decreased GFR
Correct Answer
Anemia
Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic acidosis
Malnutrition (late complication)


Question 12
GERD




Correct Answer
Warning signs include: Symptoms over age of 50:
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
-Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
-Nausea and vomiting
-Weight loss
-Melena
-Early satiety (feeling full after eating very little food




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