Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology 2026
Practice Test – Explained Answers
• Acute inflammation triggers . Answer: various injurious stimuli, such
as infections, microbial toxins, physical injury, surgery, cancer, chemical
agents, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and immune reactions.
• Three Main Stages of acute inflammation . Answer: Vascular
permeability
Cellular chemotaxis
Systemic responses
• Vascular permeability . Answer: vascular phase at a site of
inflammation, inflammatory mediators such as histamine and bradykinin
cause the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. This
permits fluids, WBCs, and platelets to travel to the site of injury or
infection. Vasodilation of the arterioles is followed by enhanced
capillary permeability, allowing fluid to flow out of the blood vessels to
the injured tissues
• Purulent exudate (pus) . Answer: fluid is rich in protein from WBCs,
microbial organisms, and cellular debris
• Abscess: . Answer: localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate
within tissue
, • Transudate . Answer: fluid that contains little protein and is mainly a
watery filtrate of blood
• Effusion . Answer: Any accumulation of fluid in a body cavity
*due to inflammatory or non-inflammatory processes.
• Chemotaxis . Answer: Cell movement that occurs in response to
chemical stimulus: a chemical signal from microbial agents, endothelial
cells, and WBCs attracts platelets and other WBCs to the site of injury
• Leukocytosis . Answer: Increase in the number of white blood cells
release by bone marrow into blood
• leukemoid reaction . Answer: Exaggerated WBC response to infection
ex. Leukemia
• Cytokines . Answer: Inflammatory mediators (Chemicals) released by
the immune system (WBC) communicate with the brain.
Modulate the inflammatory reaction by amplifying or deactivating the
process. Also cause localized and systemic effects.
• tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha . Answer: Origin: Macrophage
Practice Test – Explained Answers
• Acute inflammation triggers . Answer: various injurious stimuli, such
as infections, microbial toxins, physical injury, surgery, cancer, chemical
agents, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and immune reactions.
• Three Main Stages of acute inflammation . Answer: Vascular
permeability
Cellular chemotaxis
Systemic responses
• Vascular permeability . Answer: vascular phase at a site of
inflammation, inflammatory mediators such as histamine and bradykinin
cause the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. This
permits fluids, WBCs, and platelets to travel to the site of injury or
infection. Vasodilation of the arterioles is followed by enhanced
capillary permeability, allowing fluid to flow out of the blood vessels to
the injured tissues
• Purulent exudate (pus) . Answer: fluid is rich in protein from WBCs,
microbial organisms, and cellular debris
• Abscess: . Answer: localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate
within tissue
, • Transudate . Answer: fluid that contains little protein and is mainly a
watery filtrate of blood
• Effusion . Answer: Any accumulation of fluid in a body cavity
*due to inflammatory or non-inflammatory processes.
• Chemotaxis . Answer: Cell movement that occurs in response to
chemical stimulus: a chemical signal from microbial agents, endothelial
cells, and WBCs attracts platelets and other WBCs to the site of injury
• Leukocytosis . Answer: Increase in the number of white blood cells
release by bone marrow into blood
• leukemoid reaction . Answer: Exaggerated WBC response to infection
ex. Leukemia
• Cytokines . Answer: Inflammatory mediators (Chemicals) released by
the immune system (WBC) communicate with the brain.
Modulate the inflammatory reaction by amplifying or deactivating the
process. Also cause localized and systemic effects.
• tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha . Answer: Origin: Macrophage
