BIOS252 EXAM 2 Actual Exam 2026/2027 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
• A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
• B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
• C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
• D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone itself. ACTH (D)
stimulates cortisol release from the adrenal cortex.
Q2: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
• A. Growth hormone
• B. Prolactin
• C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
• D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and
released by the posterior pituitary (C). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (B), and ACTH (D) are all
synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q3: Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
, • A. Insulin
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
• D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, making it lipid-soluble and
able to diffuse through cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors (C). Insulin (A) and
glucagon (D) are peptide hormones, while epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone.
Q4: Which endocrine disorder results from excessive growth hormone secretion in an adult?
• A. Dwarfism
• B. Gigantism
• C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
• D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excessive GH secretion in adults after epiphyseal plates
have closed, causing bone thickening and soft tissue enlargement (C). Gigantism (B) occurs with
GH excess in children. Dwarfism (A) results from GH deficiency in children. Cretinism (D) is
from congenital hypothyroidism.
Q5: Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels?
• A. Calcitonin
• B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
• C. Aldosterone
• D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption,
increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin
(A) decreases blood calcium. Aldosterone (C) regulates sodium and potassium. Cortisol (D) is a
stress hormone.
, Q6: Which hormone is released by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets?
• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon [CORRECT]
• C. Somatostatin
• D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is released by pancreatic alpha cells and raises blood glucose by
stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (B). Insulin (A) is from beta cells and lowers
blood glucose. Somatostatin (C) is from delta cells and inhibits both insulin and glucagon.
Q7: Which hormone is regulated primarily by positive feedback during childbirth?
• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin [CORRECT]
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxytocin is regulated by positive feedback during childbirth, where uterine stretching
stimulates oxytocin release, causing stronger contractions that cause more stretching (B). Most
hormones use negative feedback. Prolactin (A), estrogen (C), and progesterone (D) do not use
positive feedback in this context.
Q8: Which adrenal cortex hormone regulates sodium and potassium balance?
• A. Cortisol
• B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
• C. Epinephrine
• D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
• A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
• B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
• C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
• D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone itself. ACTH (D)
stimulates cortisol release from the adrenal cortex.
Q2: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
• A. Growth hormone
• B. Prolactin
• C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
• D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and
released by the posterior pituitary (C). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (B), and ACTH (D) are all
synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q3: Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
, • A. Insulin
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
• D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, making it lipid-soluble and
able to diffuse through cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors (C). Insulin (A) and
glucagon (D) are peptide hormones, while epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone.
Q4: Which endocrine disorder results from excessive growth hormone secretion in an adult?
• A. Dwarfism
• B. Gigantism
• C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
• D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excessive GH secretion in adults after epiphyseal plates
have closed, causing bone thickening and soft tissue enlargement (C). Gigantism (B) occurs with
GH excess in children. Dwarfism (A) results from GH deficiency in children. Cretinism (D) is
from congenital hypothyroidism.
Q5: Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels?
• A. Calcitonin
• B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
• C. Aldosterone
• D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption,
increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin
(A) decreases blood calcium. Aldosterone (C) regulates sodium and potassium. Cortisol (D) is a
stress hormone.
, Q6: Which hormone is released by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets?
• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon [CORRECT]
• C. Somatostatin
• D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is released by pancreatic alpha cells and raises blood glucose by
stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (B). Insulin (A) is from beta cells and lowers
blood glucose. Somatostatin (C) is from delta cells and inhibits both insulin and glucagon.
Q7: Which hormone is regulated primarily by positive feedback during childbirth?
• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin [CORRECT]
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxytocin is regulated by positive feedback during childbirth, where uterine stretching
stimulates oxytocin release, causing stronger contractions that cause more stretching (B). Most
hormones use negative feedback. Prolactin (A), estrogen (C), and progesterone (D) do not use
positive feedback in this context.
Q8: Which adrenal cortex hormone regulates sodium and potassium balance?
• A. Cortisol
• B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
• C. Epinephrine
• D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
