BIOS252 EXAM 2 Actual Exam 2026/2027 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is hypothalamic. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone itself. ACTH
(D) stimulates cortisol release.
Q2: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Growth hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
C. Prolactin
D. ACTH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH is synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and transported to the posterior pituitary
for storage and release (B). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (C), and ACTH (D) are all
synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q3: Which hormone is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
,C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone derived from cholesterol that diffuses
through cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors (C). Insulin (A) and glucagon (D) are
peptide hormones; epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone.
Q4: Which endocrine disorder results from excess growth hormone in an adult?
A. Dwarfism
B. Gigantism
C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH in adults after epiphyseal plates have closed,
causing bone thickening and soft tissue enlargement (C). Gigantism (B) occurs in children before
plate closure. Dwarfism (A) is GH deficiency in children. Cretinism (D) is thyroid deficiency.
Q5: Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Vitamin D
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity (bone resorption),
increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin
(A) decreases blood calcium. Vitamin D (C) aids absorption but doesn't directly stimulate
resorption.
Q6: Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine [CORRECT]
, D. ADH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) as part
of the sympathetic stress response (C). Aldosterone (A) and cortisol (B) are adrenal cortex
hormones. ADH (D) is posterior pituitary.
Q7: Which hormone uses cAMP as a second messenger?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Testosterone
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is a peptide hormone that binds membrane receptors and uses cAMP as a
second messenger to trigger cellular responses (B). Steroid hormones (A, C, D) diffuse through
membranes and bind intracellular receptors without second messengers.
Q8: Which condition results from insufficient insulin production or action?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus [CORRECT]
C. Addison disease
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus results from insufficient insulin production (Type 1) or cellular
resistance to insulin (Type 2), causing hyperglycemia (B). Diabetes insipidus (A) is ADH
deficiency. Addison disease (C) is adrenal insufficiency. Cushing syndrome (D) is cortisol
excess.
Q9: Which hormone is released in response to increased blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is hypothalamic. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone itself. ACTH
(D) stimulates cortisol release.
Q2: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Growth hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
C. Prolactin
D. ACTH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH is synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and transported to the posterior pituitary
for storage and release (B). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (C), and ACTH (D) are all
synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q3: Which hormone is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
,C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone derived from cholesterol that diffuses
through cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors (C). Insulin (A) and glucagon (D) are
peptide hormones; epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone.
Q4: Which endocrine disorder results from excess growth hormone in an adult?
A. Dwarfism
B. Gigantism
C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH in adults after epiphyseal plates have closed,
causing bone thickening and soft tissue enlargement (C). Gigantism (B) occurs in children before
plate closure. Dwarfism (A) is GH deficiency in children. Cretinism (D) is thyroid deficiency.
Q5: Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Vitamin D
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity (bone resorption),
increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin
(A) decreases blood calcium. Vitamin D (C) aids absorption but doesn't directly stimulate
resorption.
Q6: Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine [CORRECT]
, D. ADH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) as part
of the sympathetic stress response (C). Aldosterone (A) and cortisol (B) are adrenal cortex
hormones. ADH (D) is posterior pituitary.
Q7: Which hormone uses cAMP as a second messenger?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Testosterone
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is a peptide hormone that binds membrane receptors and uses cAMP as a
second messenger to trigger cellular responses (B). Steroid hormones (A, C, D) diffuse through
membranes and bind intracellular receptors without second messengers.
Q8: Which condition results from insufficient insulin production or action?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus [CORRECT]
C. Addison disease
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus results from insufficient insulin production (Type 1) or cellular
resistance to insulin (Type 2), causing hyperglycemia (B). Diabetes insipidus (A) is ADH
deficiency. Addison disease (C) is adrenal insufficiency. Cushing syndrome (D) is cortisol
excess.
Q9: Which hormone is released in response to increased blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
