HESI - Medical Surgical Nursing test 2025 Questions
And Answers correctly Arranged With Rationale
Answers And Graded A+
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
,a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-A
Rationale: Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the
human body. Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and
produce a cascade of harmful effects in all body systems. The stress
response causes the endocrine system to release excessive amounts of
hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and glucagon. Insulin and
testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in turn
initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight
loss, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death.
The immune system is also affected by pain as demonstrated by
research showing a link between unrelieved pain and a higher incidence
of nosocomial infections and increased tumor growth. Large tidal
volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung capacity is
associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and
fat are not associated with pain or stress response.
Which intervention in a client with dehydration induced confusion is
most likely to relieve the confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
,b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's position
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A
Rationale: Dehydration most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion
and cerebral hypoxia, causing confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce
confusion, even if perfusion is still less than optimum. Increasing the IV
flow rate would increase perfusion. However, depending on the degree
of dehydration, rehydrating the person too rapidly with IV fluids can
lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cognitive impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
C
Rationale: Older adults, because they have less total body water than
younger adults, are at greater risk for development of dehydration.
Anyone who is cognitively impaired and cannot obtain fluids
independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is at
high risk for dehydration
, A nurse is caring for several clients. Which client does the nurse assess
most carefully for hyperkalemia?
a. client with type 2 diabetes taking an oral anti-diabetic agent
b. client with heart failure using a salt substitute
c. client taking a thiazide diuretic for hypertension
d. client taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs daily -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B
Many salt substitutes are composed of potassium chloride. Heavy use
cna contribute to the development of hyperkalemia. The client should
be taught to read labels and to choose a salt substitute that does not
contain potassium. NSAIDs promote the retention of sodium but not
potassium.
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig
toxicity. Which age related change may have contributed to this
problem?
a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointestinal motility
c. decreased ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A
And Answers correctly Arranged With Rationale
Answers And Graded A+
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
,a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-A
Rationale: Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the
human body. Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and
produce a cascade of harmful effects in all body systems. The stress
response causes the endocrine system to release excessive amounts of
hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and glucagon. Insulin and
testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in turn
initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight
loss, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death.
The immune system is also affected by pain as demonstrated by
research showing a link between unrelieved pain and a higher incidence
of nosocomial infections and increased tumor growth. Large tidal
volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung capacity is
associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and
fat are not associated with pain or stress response.
Which intervention in a client with dehydration induced confusion is
most likely to relieve the confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
,b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's position
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A
Rationale: Dehydration most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion
and cerebral hypoxia, causing confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce
confusion, even if perfusion is still less than optimum. Increasing the IV
flow rate would increase perfusion. However, depending on the degree
of dehydration, rehydrating the person too rapidly with IV fluids can
lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cognitive impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
C
Rationale: Older adults, because they have less total body water than
younger adults, are at greater risk for development of dehydration.
Anyone who is cognitively impaired and cannot obtain fluids
independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is at
high risk for dehydration
, A nurse is caring for several clients. Which client does the nurse assess
most carefully for hyperkalemia?
a. client with type 2 diabetes taking an oral anti-diabetic agent
b. client with heart failure using a salt substitute
c. client taking a thiazide diuretic for hypertension
d. client taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs daily -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B
Many salt substitutes are composed of potassium chloride. Heavy use
cna contribute to the development of hyperkalemia. The client should
be taught to read labels and to choose a salt substitute that does not
contain potassium. NSAIDs promote the retention of sodium but not
potassium.
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig
toxicity. Which age related change may have contributed to this
problem?
a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointestinal motility
c. decreased ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-A
