PSYCHOLOGY 121 FINAL TERMS USASK EXAM
LATEST UPDATE
Psychology Levels of Analysis - ANSWER lower(biological), middle( personal/
interpersonal) , Higher( social cultural)
Social Psychology - ANSWER The science of social psychology investigates the ways
other people affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory - ANSWER proposes that people are motivated by
five levels of needs: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) love, (4) esteem, and (5)
self-actualization
Social Norms and Rules - ANSWER The formal and informal rules that guide social life
Social Norms - ANSWER rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and
implicit cultural conventions
Social Roles - ANSWER social positions that are governed by a set of norms for proper
behaviour; the various parts people play as members of a social group
Sexual/ Romantic Scripts - ANSWER sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual/
dating behaviour for a person in a given situation
the girl (or boy) next door effect - ANSWER The mere-exposure effect: tendency to like a
person more if we have been exposed to him of her repeatedly
birds of a feather - ANSWER two people that have the same interest and/or character
Homophily: the tendency to have contact with people who are similar
,Matching phenomenon: tendency for men and women to choose partners who match
them- similar attitudes, intelligence, attractiveness
The Interpersonal Marketplace - ANSWER Women's worth is historically based more on
physical attractiveness
Men's worth is historically based more on success
Reinforcement Theory - ANSWER We like people who confer rewards on us
Sociobiology (Evolutionary Theory) talks about Sexual Strategies Theory which is -
ANSWER Mating is about reproduction
- Health and fertility versus resources for rearing offspring
Scarcity effect - ANSWER People place a higher value on an object that is scarce and a
lower value on one that is abundant
Reciprocity effect - ANSWER If someone does something for you, you're more likely to
want to do something for them
Social proof (informational social influence) - ANSWER consumers will adapt their
behaviour according to what other people are doing
Conformity - ANSWER Taking actions or adopting attitudes as a result of real or
imagined group pressure; tendency to act and think like the people around us
Driven by:
- Unconscious mimicry
- Normative influence
- Informational Influence
Obedience - ANSWER Following orders or requests from people perceived to be in a
, position of authority
Milgrim's Classic Obedience Studies - ANSWER Power of social roles (perceived
authority expertise) + norm of obedience to authority
Methodology: Each time the 'learner' (confederate) made a mistake, the participant was
directed to administer an increasingly intense level of shock (+15 volts) by the
researchers
Slight shock, Danger, Danger: Severe shock, Severe shock, XXX
Results: 2/3 of people obeyed the researcher to the fullest extent. Many showed great
signs of distress at the pain they were causing others, yet continued to deliver
increasing levels of shock
Social Cognition - ANSWER How we think about the social world and perceive others
Attitudes - ANSWER Set of opinions, beliefs, and feelings about people, groups, ideas,
or activities; evaluating an entity with some degree of favour/disfavour
- Explicit
- Implicit
Self identities - ANSWER part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her
identification with a nation, religious or political group, occupation, or other social
affiliation
Produce us/ them thinking
Stereotype - ANSWER a summary impression of a group, in which a person believes that
all members of the group share a common trait or traits (positive, negative, or neutral)
Prejudice - ANSWER how a person feels about an individual based on their group
membership
Discrimination - ANSWER treating members of a particular groups in a manner which
LATEST UPDATE
Psychology Levels of Analysis - ANSWER lower(biological), middle( personal/
interpersonal) , Higher( social cultural)
Social Psychology - ANSWER The science of social psychology investigates the ways
other people affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory - ANSWER proposes that people are motivated by
five levels of needs: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) love, (4) esteem, and (5)
self-actualization
Social Norms and Rules - ANSWER The formal and informal rules that guide social life
Social Norms - ANSWER rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and
implicit cultural conventions
Social Roles - ANSWER social positions that are governed by a set of norms for proper
behaviour; the various parts people play as members of a social group
Sexual/ Romantic Scripts - ANSWER sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual/
dating behaviour for a person in a given situation
the girl (or boy) next door effect - ANSWER The mere-exposure effect: tendency to like a
person more if we have been exposed to him of her repeatedly
birds of a feather - ANSWER two people that have the same interest and/or character
Homophily: the tendency to have contact with people who are similar
,Matching phenomenon: tendency for men and women to choose partners who match
them- similar attitudes, intelligence, attractiveness
The Interpersonal Marketplace - ANSWER Women's worth is historically based more on
physical attractiveness
Men's worth is historically based more on success
Reinforcement Theory - ANSWER We like people who confer rewards on us
Sociobiology (Evolutionary Theory) talks about Sexual Strategies Theory which is -
ANSWER Mating is about reproduction
- Health and fertility versus resources for rearing offspring
Scarcity effect - ANSWER People place a higher value on an object that is scarce and a
lower value on one that is abundant
Reciprocity effect - ANSWER If someone does something for you, you're more likely to
want to do something for them
Social proof (informational social influence) - ANSWER consumers will adapt their
behaviour according to what other people are doing
Conformity - ANSWER Taking actions or adopting attitudes as a result of real or
imagined group pressure; tendency to act and think like the people around us
Driven by:
- Unconscious mimicry
- Normative influence
- Informational Influence
Obedience - ANSWER Following orders or requests from people perceived to be in a
, position of authority
Milgrim's Classic Obedience Studies - ANSWER Power of social roles (perceived
authority expertise) + norm of obedience to authority
Methodology: Each time the 'learner' (confederate) made a mistake, the participant was
directed to administer an increasingly intense level of shock (+15 volts) by the
researchers
Slight shock, Danger, Danger: Severe shock, Severe shock, XXX
Results: 2/3 of people obeyed the researcher to the fullest extent. Many showed great
signs of distress at the pain they were causing others, yet continued to deliver
increasing levels of shock
Social Cognition - ANSWER How we think about the social world and perceive others
Attitudes - ANSWER Set of opinions, beliefs, and feelings about people, groups, ideas,
or activities; evaluating an entity with some degree of favour/disfavour
- Explicit
- Implicit
Self identities - ANSWER part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her
identification with a nation, religious or political group, occupation, or other social
affiliation
Produce us/ them thinking
Stereotype - ANSWER a summary impression of a group, in which a person believes that
all members of the group share a common trait or traits (positive, negative, or neutral)
Prejudice - ANSWER how a person feels about an individual based on their group
membership
Discrimination - ANSWER treating members of a particular groups in a manner which
