Alle Hoorcollege Aantekeningen Cultural Diversity - blok 3 - pedagogiek UU

Cultural Diversity – Lecture Notes

Lecture 1 – Migration & the multicultural society

Cultural Diversity – Relevance
 Migration & globalization
o Increased diversity due to immigration
o Different perspectives on human development
 Diversity in the Netherlands
o Necessity of specific interventions or general culturally sensitive approach?
 Specific issues related to cultural diversity
o Multilingualism
o Shifting between cultures (home vs. school)
o Discrimination
 13.7% has a non-western background in holland (under 20 years)
o In large cities over 50% has a migration background
o Largest groups Turkish Dutch and Moroccan Dutch

Immigration history in the Netherlands
 Second half of 19th century
o Migration from Dutch colonies: Surinamese and Antillean
o Migration since 1960s as guest workers: Turkish and Moroccan
 since 2000
o economic migrants: Poland, India
 fluctuating waves of migration from conflict zones
o Syria, Afghanistan

Policy perspective
 Until 1980s: immigration as temporary
o Policy focused on temporary accommodation
o Focused on preservation of own culture
 1980s: ethnic minority policy
o Drop idea of temporariness
o Multicultural approach
o Promote participation in society
 Economic difficult times  unemployment
 High school dropout rate high
 Marginalization
 1990s: civic integration policy
o Mandatory language class (but poor quality)
o High unemployment and reliance on social policy provisions
o Segregation in society and schools in particular
 Pillarized school system (Islamic schools)
 Beginning of 2000
o Higher employment rate
o Success of second generation
 2000s: policy towards assimilation
o International events: 9/11, pim Fortuyn

, o Emergence of populist discourse
o Culturalization
 Growing emphasis on Islam as cause of problem
 Fear of radicalization
o Polarization due to forced assimilation
 From 2011
o Shift towards labor migration

Berry’s Acculturation Model (2005)




Acculturation strategy Psychological Social cultural
personal In school
Integration + +
Segregation +/- -
Assimilation - -
marginalization -- --

 Integration  multiculturality
 Assimilation  melting pot
 Marginalization  exclusion
 Separation  segregation

Theories of Culture and Development

Individualism vs. Collectivism
 4 dimensions
o Individualism / collectivism
o Power distance

, o Uncertainty avoidance
o Masculinity / feminism

Individualistic / Western cultures
 Culture of separateness
 Industrial and service economy
 Nuclear families, close relations, gender equality, low fertility
 Emotional and material investment in children (psychological VOC)
 Authoritative and permissive style (autonomous self)

Collectivistic / non-Western cultures
 Culture of relatedness
 Agrarian society, low education
 Extended family, women have low status, high fertility
 Family/group loyalty, investment in elders, utilitarian VOC
 Authoritarian parenting style, obedience, dependence (relational self)

Flaws of individualism/collectivistic model
 Schematic and stigmatizing
 Most cultures combine both features
 Model does not opture mechanism of migration
 Do migrants remain collectivistic even 2nd or 3rd generation
 Continuum instead of dichotomy

Developmental niche
 Cultural construction of human development
 3 components of system (child)
o Physical and social setting
o Culturally regulated practices and habits
o Parenteral Ethnotheories
 Physical and social settings
o Relation with family, family structure
o Parental roles (father/mother)
o Educational system
o Danger in physical environment Physical/social
Habits
 Habits and daily practices setting
o Sleeping arrangements
o Social traditions
 Ethnotheories/parental beliefs child
o Parental beliefs
o Beliefs about milestones
o Socialization goals, cultural values
o Beliefs on effective parenting Ethnotheories