3P90 Exam Study CFI Questions With
Accurate Answers. 2025\2026 A+ Grade
What factors does sympathetic nervous system control vs parasympathetic
nervous system?
- accurate answers-Sympathetic=increase HR and SV, vasoconstriction to
increase TPR
Para= decrease HR
What reflexes have cardiovascular control?
- accurate answers-Central command
Arterial baroreceptors
Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
Exercise pressor reflex
What are the sensors that detect changes from set point?
- accurate answers-Lung stretch receptors
Chemo receptors
Muscle receptors
Baroreceptors
How does negative feedback relate to room temp regulation?
- accurate answers-Set point
If temp goes below or above set point, sensors will detect changes
These sensors tell the thermostat to respond
Heat/air turns on to return temp to set point
What is the arterial baroreflex?
- accurate answers-A mechanism that regulates small changes in blood
pressure
What happens to the blood pressure of someone with baroreflex failure
during head up tilt (passive standing)? Compared to healthy?
- accurate answers-Resting BP will be higher
Once passive standing occurs, BP drops significantly
In a healthy person it should stay level
,What happens to SNS activity during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Rises
What happens to BP during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Should remain the same
What happens to blood flow in the femoral artery during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Decreases due to vasoconstriction
What happens to blood flow in aorta (stroke volume)?
- accurate answers-Decreases
Less blood returning back to the heart = less filling = less SV
What happens to calf circumference during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Increases. "Venous pooling"
What happens to HR during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Increases. Less PNS, more SNS activity
What do baroreceptors do?
- accurate answers-detect changes in blood pressure
What is the afferent/sensory component of the baroreflex?
- accurate answers-Baroreceptors detect blood vessel STRETCH. They do not
directly detect blood pressure, but stretch is influenced by blood pressure
How do baroreceptors detect blood vessel stretch?
- accurate answers-Baroreceptor afferents are attached to the blood vessels
and respond to transmural pressure. Respond to pulsatile stretch.
How does firing rate of receptors change with low vs high blood pressure?
- accurate answers-If you have low blood pressure, there will be less stretch
which causes less firing. This comes across as an error in the brain.
If you have high blood pressure, there will be more constant vessel stretch
which causes constant firing.
What should firing rate of baroreceptors look like in a healthy individual?
- accurate answers-Heavy firing during systole and tapers off during diastole
Repeatedly
, What is baroreflex unloading?
- accurate answers-Decreased BP resulting in less vessel stretch = less
baroreceptor afferent firing.
Occurs during standing, lower body negative pressure, neck pressure, etc
What is baroreflex loading?
- accurate answers-Increased BP resulting in more vessel stretch = more
baroreceptor afferent firing.
Occurs during water immersion, hand stand, neck suction, etc.
Where are arterial baroreceptors located? What do they respond to?
- accurate answers-carotid sinus and aortic arch
Respond to changes in BP
Where are the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors located? What do they
respond to?
- accurate answers-Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries (low
pressure areas)
Respond to changes in blood pressure
How does increased blood pressure stimulus affect SNS and PNS activity?
- accurate answers-Increased blood pressure increases afferent firing which
leads to decreased SNS (decreased TPR and Q) and increased PNS (decreased
HR)
What are the four medullary neuronal groups involved in the baroreceptor
pathway?
- accurate answers-Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)
Nucleus Ambiguous, dorsal motor nucleus (NA)
Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla (CVLM)
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM)
What medullary nuclei are involved in the parasympathetic pathway?
- accurate answers-NTS and NA
Nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguous
What medullary nuclei are involved in the sympathetic pathway?
- accurate answers-NTS, CVLM, RVLM
Accurate Answers. 2025\2026 A+ Grade
What factors does sympathetic nervous system control vs parasympathetic
nervous system?
- accurate answers-Sympathetic=increase HR and SV, vasoconstriction to
increase TPR
Para= decrease HR
What reflexes have cardiovascular control?
- accurate answers-Central command
Arterial baroreceptors
Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
Exercise pressor reflex
What are the sensors that detect changes from set point?
- accurate answers-Lung stretch receptors
Chemo receptors
Muscle receptors
Baroreceptors
How does negative feedback relate to room temp regulation?
- accurate answers-Set point
If temp goes below or above set point, sensors will detect changes
These sensors tell the thermostat to respond
Heat/air turns on to return temp to set point
What is the arterial baroreflex?
- accurate answers-A mechanism that regulates small changes in blood
pressure
What happens to the blood pressure of someone with baroreflex failure
during head up tilt (passive standing)? Compared to healthy?
- accurate answers-Resting BP will be higher
Once passive standing occurs, BP drops significantly
In a healthy person it should stay level
,What happens to SNS activity during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Rises
What happens to BP during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Should remain the same
What happens to blood flow in the femoral artery during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Decreases due to vasoconstriction
What happens to blood flow in aorta (stroke volume)?
- accurate answers-Decreases
Less blood returning back to the heart = less filling = less SV
What happens to calf circumference during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Increases. "Venous pooling"
What happens to HR during head up tilt?
- accurate answers-Increases. Less PNS, more SNS activity
What do baroreceptors do?
- accurate answers-detect changes in blood pressure
What is the afferent/sensory component of the baroreflex?
- accurate answers-Baroreceptors detect blood vessel STRETCH. They do not
directly detect blood pressure, but stretch is influenced by blood pressure
How do baroreceptors detect blood vessel stretch?
- accurate answers-Baroreceptor afferents are attached to the blood vessels
and respond to transmural pressure. Respond to pulsatile stretch.
How does firing rate of receptors change with low vs high blood pressure?
- accurate answers-If you have low blood pressure, there will be less stretch
which causes less firing. This comes across as an error in the brain.
If you have high blood pressure, there will be more constant vessel stretch
which causes constant firing.
What should firing rate of baroreceptors look like in a healthy individual?
- accurate answers-Heavy firing during systole and tapers off during diastole
Repeatedly
, What is baroreflex unloading?
- accurate answers-Decreased BP resulting in less vessel stretch = less
baroreceptor afferent firing.
Occurs during standing, lower body negative pressure, neck pressure, etc
What is baroreflex loading?
- accurate answers-Increased BP resulting in more vessel stretch = more
baroreceptor afferent firing.
Occurs during water immersion, hand stand, neck suction, etc.
Where are arterial baroreceptors located? What do they respond to?
- accurate answers-carotid sinus and aortic arch
Respond to changes in BP
Where are the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors located? What do they
respond to?
- accurate answers-Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries (low
pressure areas)
Respond to changes in blood pressure
How does increased blood pressure stimulus affect SNS and PNS activity?
- accurate answers-Increased blood pressure increases afferent firing which
leads to decreased SNS (decreased TPR and Q) and increased PNS (decreased
HR)
What are the four medullary neuronal groups involved in the baroreceptor
pathway?
- accurate answers-Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)
Nucleus Ambiguous, dorsal motor nucleus (NA)
Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla (CVLM)
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM)
What medullary nuclei are involved in the parasympathetic pathway?
- accurate answers-NTS and NA
Nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguous
What medullary nuclei are involved in the sympathetic pathway?
- accurate answers-NTS, CVLM, RVLM
