NURS 440 – Final Exam Study Guide –– Academic Year
[2025/2026] – Comprehensive Nursing Concepts
Primary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever
occurring.
Secondary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ -focuses on early identification of individuals or
communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are
geared to prevent worsening health status
-examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of
diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail
Tertiary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ -aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a
chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning
-examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting
independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury
Infant safety teaching - correct answer ✔✔ Hot water heater <120 deg. F
Crib slats no more than 2 3/8 in. apart
Set carrier on floor
Refrain from soft blankets in crib
adolescent safety - correct answer ✔✔ -Sexual behavior, STDs, and unintended pregnancy
-tobacco, alcohol and other substances
-depression and suicide
-physical, sexual and emotional abuse
-MVAs
, elderly safety issues - correct answer ✔✔ falls, abuse, polypharmacy, financial problems
Skin cancer screening ABCDE - correct answer ✔✔ A=Asymmetrical
B=Border
C=Color
D=Diameter
E=Evolution (growth)
Skin Cancer Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Use SPF 15 minimum.
Wear hats and shirts with sleeves.
Wear sunglasses to protect eyes from UV
Avoid tanning beds
Colon cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔ Ages 50-75
FOBT (fecal occult blood test) annually at 50y, or at 40y if 1st degree relative
Colonoscopy q 10y
Sigmoidoscopy q 5y with FOBT q 3y
colon cancer prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Increase fiber
no smoking/drinking
control diverticulitis
risk goes up with age
Lung cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔ Low dose CT between ages 55 and 80 if >30 pack
year smoke history
[2025/2026] – Comprehensive Nursing Concepts
Primary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever
occurring.
Secondary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ -focuses on early identification of individuals or
communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are
geared to prevent worsening health status
-examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of
diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail
Tertiary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ -aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a
chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning
-examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting
independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury
Infant safety teaching - correct answer ✔✔ Hot water heater <120 deg. F
Crib slats no more than 2 3/8 in. apart
Set carrier on floor
Refrain from soft blankets in crib
adolescent safety - correct answer ✔✔ -Sexual behavior, STDs, and unintended pregnancy
-tobacco, alcohol and other substances
-depression and suicide
-physical, sexual and emotional abuse
-MVAs
, elderly safety issues - correct answer ✔✔ falls, abuse, polypharmacy, financial problems
Skin cancer screening ABCDE - correct answer ✔✔ A=Asymmetrical
B=Border
C=Color
D=Diameter
E=Evolution (growth)
Skin Cancer Prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Use SPF 15 minimum.
Wear hats and shirts with sleeves.
Wear sunglasses to protect eyes from UV
Avoid tanning beds
Colon cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔ Ages 50-75
FOBT (fecal occult blood test) annually at 50y, or at 40y if 1st degree relative
Colonoscopy q 10y
Sigmoidoscopy q 5y with FOBT q 3y
colon cancer prevention - correct answer ✔✔ Increase fiber
no smoking/drinking
control diverticulitis
risk goes up with age
Lung cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔ Low dose CT between ages 55 and 80 if >30 pack
year smoke history
