BIOL 252 Anatomy and Physiology II Final Exam Practice
200 Questions and Correct Answers/ BIOL 252 Final
Practice Test 2026 Correctly Answered Questions
Since her stomach was removed, Mrs. Lopez has the most difficulty initiating
digestion of:
a. oligosaccharides
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. monosaccharides - ANSWER-b. proteins
*pepsin, which aids in protein digestion, is located in the stomach
T/F: If pregnancy occurs, the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle
continues and the uterus will continue to develop. - ANSWER-true
*corpus luteum will persist and estrogen and progesterone will continue to be
secreted
The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form, pepsin, requires: - ANSWER-
an acidic pH
T/F: The majority of sodium ions are reclaimed through sodium ion leak channels
in the proximal tubules - ANSWER-true
Villi in the small intestine ________________.
1
,a. increase the surface area for absorption
b. create the brush border
c. are larger than circular folds
d. protect the small intestine from the acidic chyme - ANSWER-a.
*b is incorrect because brush border is created by microvilli
*c is incorrect because villi are in circular folds
*d is incorrect because this is the role of mucus
The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:
a. colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
b. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
c. glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP)
d. capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP). - ANSWER-b. glomerular hydrostatic
pressure (GHP)
Elasticity of the alveoli drives them to recoil and we need to oppose that to prevent
the lung from collapsing. How? - ANSWER-surface tension of pleural fluid
causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic cavity
During expiration, the diaphragm:
a. relaxes and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach
b. contracts and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach
c. relaxes and the dome rises into the thoracic cage
d. contracts and the dome rises into the thoracic cage - ANSWER-c
2
,Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell
membranes by ________
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. active transport - ANSWER-b
Which of the following are the muscles of inspiration?
a. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
b. Diaphragm and the skeletal intercostal muscles
c. Diaphragm and the intercostal smooth muscles
d. None of the choices are correct - ANSWER-b
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________
a. humidifying the air before it enters
b. warming the air before it enters
c. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the
surface tension of alveolar fluid
d. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental
variations - ANSWER-c
What structures make up the respiratory membrane? What is its function? -
ANSWER-the alveolar and cagily walls --> function is gas exchange
The pleural fluid is constantly being pumped out of the pleural cavity (and into the
lymphatic vessels). Why is that so important? - ANSWER-Excessive fluid in the
3
, pleural cavity can lead to respiration impairment by making it more difficult for the
lungs to expand
What is the relationship between lung volume and intrapulmonary pressure during
inspiration?
a. The volume of the lungs increases and the intrapulmonary pressure increases
b. The volume of the lungs increases and the intrapulmonary pressure decreases
c. The volume of the lungs decreases and the intrapulmonary pressure increases
d. The volume of the lungs decreases and the intrapulmonary pressure -
ANSWER-b
*During inspiration, the movement of the diaphragm and the external intercostal
muscles causes the thoracic and lung volume to increase; therefore, according to
Boyle's law, the intrapulmonary pressure decreases.
Increased water reabsorption in the descending limb of the nephron loop will result
in __________.
a. decreased NaCl concentration in the filtrate of the ascending limb
b. decreased filtrate concentration at the turn of the loop
c. increased NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb
d. increased water reabsorption in the ascending limb - ANSWER-c
*as the filtrate loses water, the concentration of NaCl in filtrate increases
*this is turn facilities the active transport of NaCl that results in reabsorption of
NaCl in ascending limb
4
200 Questions and Correct Answers/ BIOL 252 Final
Practice Test 2026 Correctly Answered Questions
Since her stomach was removed, Mrs. Lopez has the most difficulty initiating
digestion of:
a. oligosaccharides
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. monosaccharides - ANSWER-b. proteins
*pepsin, which aids in protein digestion, is located in the stomach
T/F: If pregnancy occurs, the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle
continues and the uterus will continue to develop. - ANSWER-true
*corpus luteum will persist and estrogen and progesterone will continue to be
secreted
The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form, pepsin, requires: - ANSWER-
an acidic pH
T/F: The majority of sodium ions are reclaimed through sodium ion leak channels
in the proximal tubules - ANSWER-true
Villi in the small intestine ________________.
1
,a. increase the surface area for absorption
b. create the brush border
c. are larger than circular folds
d. protect the small intestine from the acidic chyme - ANSWER-a.
*b is incorrect because brush border is created by microvilli
*c is incorrect because villi are in circular folds
*d is incorrect because this is the role of mucus
The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:
a. colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
b. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
c. glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP)
d. capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP). - ANSWER-b. glomerular hydrostatic
pressure (GHP)
Elasticity of the alveoli drives them to recoil and we need to oppose that to prevent
the lung from collapsing. How? - ANSWER-surface tension of pleural fluid
causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic cavity
During expiration, the diaphragm:
a. relaxes and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach
b. contracts and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach
c. relaxes and the dome rises into the thoracic cage
d. contracts and the dome rises into the thoracic cage - ANSWER-c
2
,Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell
membranes by ________
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. active transport - ANSWER-b
Which of the following are the muscles of inspiration?
a. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
b. Diaphragm and the skeletal intercostal muscles
c. Diaphragm and the intercostal smooth muscles
d. None of the choices are correct - ANSWER-b
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________
a. humidifying the air before it enters
b. warming the air before it enters
c. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the
surface tension of alveolar fluid
d. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental
variations - ANSWER-c
What structures make up the respiratory membrane? What is its function? -
ANSWER-the alveolar and cagily walls --> function is gas exchange
The pleural fluid is constantly being pumped out of the pleural cavity (and into the
lymphatic vessels). Why is that so important? - ANSWER-Excessive fluid in the
3
, pleural cavity can lead to respiration impairment by making it more difficult for the
lungs to expand
What is the relationship between lung volume and intrapulmonary pressure during
inspiration?
a. The volume of the lungs increases and the intrapulmonary pressure increases
b. The volume of the lungs increases and the intrapulmonary pressure decreases
c. The volume of the lungs decreases and the intrapulmonary pressure increases
d. The volume of the lungs decreases and the intrapulmonary pressure -
ANSWER-b
*During inspiration, the movement of the diaphragm and the external intercostal
muscles causes the thoracic and lung volume to increase; therefore, according to
Boyle's law, the intrapulmonary pressure decreases.
Increased water reabsorption in the descending limb of the nephron loop will result
in __________.
a. decreased NaCl concentration in the filtrate of the ascending limb
b. decreased filtrate concentration at the turn of the loop
c. increased NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb
d. increased water reabsorption in the ascending limb - ANSWER-c
*as the filtrate loses water, the concentration of NaCl in filtrate increases
*this is turn facilities the active transport of NaCl that results in reabsorption of
NaCl in ascending limb
4
