BIO 123N – Old Dominion University – Exam 4 Study Guide
and Key Concepts
What is infarction? - ANS✔✔ An interruption of blood flow
What can result due to infarction? - ANS✔✔ Amputation, heart attack, organ damage, and
stroke
What is angiogenesis? - ANS✔✔ Blood vessel formation
What are the three components of the circulatory system? - ANS✔✔ heart, blood vessels, blood
T/F: Arterial blood has more oxygen, glucose, and less metabolic waste products than venous
blood. - ANS✔✔ True
The artery system transports blood from where to where? - ANS✔✔ From the heart to the
body's tissues
The venous system transports blood from where to where? - ANS✔✔ From the body's tissues to
the heart
What is transcytosis? - ANS✔✔ transport into, across, and then out of cell
T/F: The reduced rate of blood flow in the capillaries facilitates the exchange of substances with
the tissue fluid. - ANS✔✔ True
How do precapillary sphincters change during meal time? - ANS✔✔ The sphincters open to
maximize blood flow.
, What is vasoconstriction? - ANS✔✔ The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure.
What is vasodilation? - ANS✔✔ The dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system? - ANS✔✔ To filter body fluids by nodes, vessels,
and lymphocytes before the fluids return to general circulation
What is atherosclerosis? - ANS✔✔ The hardening of the arteries
What are stomata? - ANS✔✔ Small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon
dioxide can move
What are guard cells? - ANS✔✔ Cells that open and close the stomata
What stimuli can cause stomata to open? - ANS✔✔ Blue light and low internal concentration of
CO2
What stimuli can cause stomata to close? - ANS✔✔ Lack of blue light, high internal
concentration of CO2, pathogen detection, water stress...
What are lenticels? - ANS✔✔ One of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that
allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues.
What is lacunae? - ANS✔✔ Internal, hollow canals in stems and roots that enable O2 to diffuse
from leaves to submerged organs and the producing of ATP
and Key Concepts
What is infarction? - ANS✔✔ An interruption of blood flow
What can result due to infarction? - ANS✔✔ Amputation, heart attack, organ damage, and
stroke
What is angiogenesis? - ANS✔✔ Blood vessel formation
What are the three components of the circulatory system? - ANS✔✔ heart, blood vessels, blood
T/F: Arterial blood has more oxygen, glucose, and less metabolic waste products than venous
blood. - ANS✔✔ True
The artery system transports blood from where to where? - ANS✔✔ From the heart to the
body's tissues
The venous system transports blood from where to where? - ANS✔✔ From the body's tissues to
the heart
What is transcytosis? - ANS✔✔ transport into, across, and then out of cell
T/F: The reduced rate of blood flow in the capillaries facilitates the exchange of substances with
the tissue fluid. - ANS✔✔ True
How do precapillary sphincters change during meal time? - ANS✔✔ The sphincters open to
maximize blood flow.
, What is vasoconstriction? - ANS✔✔ The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure.
What is vasodilation? - ANS✔✔ The dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system? - ANS✔✔ To filter body fluids by nodes, vessels,
and lymphocytes before the fluids return to general circulation
What is atherosclerosis? - ANS✔✔ The hardening of the arteries
What are stomata? - ANS✔✔ Small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon
dioxide can move
What are guard cells? - ANS✔✔ Cells that open and close the stomata
What stimuli can cause stomata to open? - ANS✔✔ Blue light and low internal concentration of
CO2
What stimuli can cause stomata to close? - ANS✔✔ Lack of blue light, high internal
concentration of CO2, pathogen detection, water stress...
What are lenticels? - ANS✔✔ One of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that
allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues.
What is lacunae? - ANS✔✔ Internal, hollow canals in stems and roots that enable O2 to diffuse
from leaves to submerged organs and the producing of ATP
