BRAINSCAPE1
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
CARDIOVASCULAR (1–20)
1. A patient with EF 25% has cool extremities and fatigue. This indicates:
A. Diastolic dysfunction
B. Reduced cardiac output
C. Increased preload
D. High-output failure
2. In left-sided HF, pulmonary edema occurs due to:
A. ↓ Oncotic pressure
B. ↑ Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. ↑ Lymphatic drainage
D. ↓ Afterload
3. Chronic hypertension leads to LVH because of:
A. Volume overload
B. Increased afterload
C. Valve stenosis
D. Decreased RAAS
4. RAAS activation causes all EXCEPT:
A. Sodium retention
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Potassium retention
D. Aldosterone release
5. ACE inhibitors protect kidneys by:
A. Constricting afferent arteriole
B. Dilating efferent arteriole
C. Increasing GFR
D. Increasing renin
6. BNP increases due to:
A. Atrial stretch only
B. Ventricular stretch
C. Dehydration
D. Hyperkalemia
7. Atherosclerosis begins with:
A. Foam cell formation
B. Endothelial injury
C. Thrombus
D. Plaque rupture
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
8. Stable angina results from:
A. Plaque rupture
B. Fixed coronary obstruction
C. Coronary embolus
D. Complete occlusion
9. Troponin elevation indicates:
A. Ischemia
B. Myocardial necrosis
C. Angina
D. HF
10. Right-sided HF causes:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Peripheral edema
C. Crackles
D. Orthopnea
11. Cardiogenic shock results from:
A. Vasodilation
B. Pump failure
C. Hypovolemia
D. Sepsis
12. Mitral stenosis causes:
A. LV overload
B. LA enlargement
C. Aortic regurgitation
D. RV infarct
13. Aortic regurgitation leads to:
A. Decreased preload
B. Volume overload
C. Decreased stroke volume
D. Hypotension only
14. Infective endocarditis most affects:
A. Intact valves
B. Damaged valves
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Myocardium
15. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes:
A. Dilated LV
B. Septal thickening
BRAINSCAPE1
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
CARDIOVASCULAR (1–20)
1. A patient with EF 25% has cool extremities and fatigue. This indicates:
A. Diastolic dysfunction
B. Reduced cardiac output
C. Increased preload
D. High-output failure
2. In left-sided HF, pulmonary edema occurs due to:
A. ↓ Oncotic pressure
B. ↑ Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. ↑ Lymphatic drainage
D. ↓ Afterload
3. Chronic hypertension leads to LVH because of:
A. Volume overload
B. Increased afterload
C. Valve stenosis
D. Decreased RAAS
4. RAAS activation causes all EXCEPT:
A. Sodium retention
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Potassium retention
D. Aldosterone release
5. ACE inhibitors protect kidneys by:
A. Constricting afferent arteriole
B. Dilating efferent arteriole
C. Increasing GFR
D. Increasing renin
6. BNP increases due to:
A. Atrial stretch only
B. Ventricular stretch
C. Dehydration
D. Hyperkalemia
7. Atherosclerosis begins with:
A. Foam cell formation
B. Endothelial injury
C. Thrombus
D. Plaque rupture
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
8. Stable angina results from:
A. Plaque rupture
B. Fixed coronary obstruction
C. Coronary embolus
D. Complete occlusion
9. Troponin elevation indicates:
A. Ischemia
B. Myocardial necrosis
C. Angina
D. HF
10. Right-sided HF causes:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Peripheral edema
C. Crackles
D. Orthopnea
11. Cardiogenic shock results from:
A. Vasodilation
B. Pump failure
C. Hypovolemia
D. Sepsis
12. Mitral stenosis causes:
A. LV overload
B. LA enlargement
C. Aortic regurgitation
D. RV infarct
13. Aortic regurgitation leads to:
A. Decreased preload
B. Volume overload
C. Decreased stroke volume
D. Hypotension only
14. Infective endocarditis most affects:
A. Intact valves
B. Damaged valves
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Myocardium
15. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes:
A. Dilated LV
B. Septal thickening
BRAINSCAPE1
