BIO 139 LAB EXAM #1
COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS (FREQUENTLY
TESTED) WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Contact for further consultation
1. Mary Francis visits the doctor complaining of weakness, fatigue,
fainting, & confusion. Her HR is 40 bpm. An ECG indicates that no P
Waves but normal QRS complexes. What is the explanation and what
can be done to help this patient? Answer: The absence of P waves indicate that the
patient has a junctional rhythm, with this the SA node is not functioning and the AV node is now pacing
the heart. When the AV nodes take over the HR slows & contractions weaken. To help this patient a
pacemaker can be implanted.
2. During a severe hemorrhage John goes into hypovalemic shock & his
heart starts racing. Why does his HR increase? Answer: Decreased BP and blood
volume causes activation of baroreceptors in the brain. Baroreceptors cause reflex activation of
vasomotor and cardiac acceleratory centers than then increase HR leading to increased CO, and MAP
3. A hyperintensive patient is successfully treated with diuretics.
Discuss what problem this treatment is addressing and the role of
the kidneys in blood pressure control. Answer: Diuretics help the body get rid of
unneeded water and sodium through urine. The kidneys remove more sodium and water from the
blood causing a decrease in blood volume, producing decrease BP.
4. Another hyperintensive patient is given captoril (an ACE inhibitor)
, Contact for further consultation
and her blood pressure decreases. Explain how this drug works to
lower blood pres- sure. Answer: An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts
angiotensin to angiotensin II. Angiotensin is a hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor. If you block
the conversion of angiotensin, blood pressure will decrease.
5. An elderly patient sometimes gets dizzy if he stands up too
quickly. One time he almost fainted and is worried this will lead to a
fall and bone fractures. Explain his condition. Answer: Orthostatic hypotension is when
systolic pressure decreases by 20 mmHG or diasolic pressure decreases 10 mmHG. This condition
is a drop in blood pressure die to a change in body position. The change in position causes a temporary
reduction in blood flow and a shortage of oxygen. In an older patient, this could be due to weakened
muscle strength in venous return, and decreased vein elasticity.
6. After visiting the doctor, April discovers her cholesterol levels are
250 mg/dL. Her doctor warns her that if she doesn't control her
cholesterol levels she is in danger of becoming hypertensive. How
are cholesterol and hypertension related. Be specific. Answer: When arteries
become hardened and narrowed with cholesterol plaque and calcium, the heart has to strain much
harder to pump blood through arteries. As a result, vasoconstriction causes increased BP that could lead
to hypertension.
, Contact for further consultation
7. Gabriel, a heroin addict, feels tired, is weak and feverish, and has
vague aches and pains. Terrified that he as AIDS, he goes to the
doctor and is informed that he doesn't have AIDS. The doctor tells
him that he is suffering from an infection of the interior lining of the
heart. He also has abnormal heart sounds.
-What conditions explain his symptoms?
-What is the most likely way Gabriel became infected? Answer: Endocarditis
is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This occurs if bacteria, funji, or
other germs invade your bloodstream. Abnormal heart sounds could be explain by a heart murmur.
Because he is a heroin addict, assuming her administers intravenously, it is possible he shared drug
equipment or used a dirty needle. This would inject the bacteria straight into his blood strream.
His symptoms that he is experiencing are explained by endocarditis because they are flu-like.
8. Frank a 50 year old airline pilot, visits his doctor complaining of
severe, intense, crushing sensations in his chest that radiated to his
left shoulder and down he side of his left arm, triggered by an off-
duty rugby match. the chest discomfort was relieved by resting. An
COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS (FREQUENTLY
TESTED) WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Contact for further consultation
1. Mary Francis visits the doctor complaining of weakness, fatigue,
fainting, & confusion. Her HR is 40 bpm. An ECG indicates that no P
Waves but normal QRS complexes. What is the explanation and what
can be done to help this patient? Answer: The absence of P waves indicate that the
patient has a junctional rhythm, with this the SA node is not functioning and the AV node is now pacing
the heart. When the AV nodes take over the HR slows & contractions weaken. To help this patient a
pacemaker can be implanted.
2. During a severe hemorrhage John goes into hypovalemic shock & his
heart starts racing. Why does his HR increase? Answer: Decreased BP and blood
volume causes activation of baroreceptors in the brain. Baroreceptors cause reflex activation of
vasomotor and cardiac acceleratory centers than then increase HR leading to increased CO, and MAP
3. A hyperintensive patient is successfully treated with diuretics.
Discuss what problem this treatment is addressing and the role of
the kidneys in blood pressure control. Answer: Diuretics help the body get rid of
unneeded water and sodium through urine. The kidneys remove more sodium and water from the
blood causing a decrease in blood volume, producing decrease BP.
4. Another hyperintensive patient is given captoril (an ACE inhibitor)
, Contact for further consultation
and her blood pressure decreases. Explain how this drug works to
lower blood pres- sure. Answer: An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts
angiotensin to angiotensin II. Angiotensin is a hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor. If you block
the conversion of angiotensin, blood pressure will decrease.
5. An elderly patient sometimes gets dizzy if he stands up too
quickly. One time he almost fainted and is worried this will lead to a
fall and bone fractures. Explain his condition. Answer: Orthostatic hypotension is when
systolic pressure decreases by 20 mmHG or diasolic pressure decreases 10 mmHG. This condition
is a drop in blood pressure die to a change in body position. The change in position causes a temporary
reduction in blood flow and a shortage of oxygen. In an older patient, this could be due to weakened
muscle strength in venous return, and decreased vein elasticity.
6. After visiting the doctor, April discovers her cholesterol levels are
250 mg/dL. Her doctor warns her that if she doesn't control her
cholesterol levels she is in danger of becoming hypertensive. How
are cholesterol and hypertension related. Be specific. Answer: When arteries
become hardened and narrowed with cholesterol plaque and calcium, the heart has to strain much
harder to pump blood through arteries. As a result, vasoconstriction causes increased BP that could lead
to hypertension.
, Contact for further consultation
7. Gabriel, a heroin addict, feels tired, is weak and feverish, and has
vague aches and pains. Terrified that he as AIDS, he goes to the
doctor and is informed that he doesn't have AIDS. The doctor tells
him that he is suffering from an infection of the interior lining of the
heart. He also has abnormal heart sounds.
-What conditions explain his symptoms?
-What is the most likely way Gabriel became infected? Answer: Endocarditis
is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This occurs if bacteria, funji, or
other germs invade your bloodstream. Abnormal heart sounds could be explain by a heart murmur.
Because he is a heroin addict, assuming her administers intravenously, it is possible he shared drug
equipment or used a dirty needle. This would inject the bacteria straight into his blood strream.
His symptoms that he is experiencing are explained by endocarditis because they are flu-like.
8. Frank a 50 year old airline pilot, visits his doctor complaining of
severe, intense, crushing sensations in his chest that radiated to his
left shoulder and down he side of his left arm, triggered by an off-
duty rugby match. the chest discomfort was relieved by resting. An
