BIOD 152 Module 7 Exam Study Guide: Urinary
System – Portage Learning Anatomy &
Physiology II with Lab (2026/2027 Edition)
SECTION 1: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS (10 Questions)
Q1: True or False: The ureters drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the renal pelvis of
each kidney to the urinary bladder for storage. This is their primary function in the
urinary system.
Q2: True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The bladder stores urine received from the ureters and empties through the
urethra. Urine flow is unidirectional - from kidneys to bladder via ureters, never backward
from bladder to ureters due to ureterovesical valves.
Q3: True or False: The kidneys are long, thin muscular tubes.
Answer: FALSE
,Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, approximately the size of a can of soup,
weighing about 5 ounces. They are not tubular - the ureters are the long, thin muscular
tubes.
Q4: True or False: The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney due to the
position of the liver.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The right kidney is positioned slightly lower than the left kidney because the
liver occupies space above the right kidney, pushing it downward. Both kidneys are
located between T-12 and L-3 vertebrae.
Q5: True or False: The renal capsule is the outermost layer of kidney protection.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The renal capsule is the innermost protective layer. From innermost to
outermost: renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia. The renal fascia is the
outermost layer that anchors the kidney in place.
Q6: True or False: The afferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the efferent
arteriole.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The afferent arteriole (bringing blood into the glomerulus) has a LARGER
diameter than the efferent arteriole (taking blood away). This size difference creates
high pressure in the glomerulus that drives filtration.
, Q7: True or False: The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The internal urethral sphincter is involuntarily controlled (smooth muscle).
The external urethral sphincter is voluntarily controlled (skeletal muscle) and allows
conscious control of micturition.
Q8: True or False: The kidneys are located between T-12 and L-3 vertebrae.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located between the T-12 and L-3
vertebral levels. This positioning means trauma at T5 would not damage the kidneys, as
they lie much lower in the abdominal cavity.
Q9: True or False: The renal medulla is the outermost region of the kidney.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The renal cortex is the outermost region. The renal medulla is the inner
region containing the renal pyramids. The renal pelvis is the centermost structure.
Q10: True or False: Aldosterone causes the excretion of sodium ions in urine.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Aldosterone causes RETENTION (reabsorption) of sodium ions from the
filtrate back into the blood. In exchange, potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted into
the filtrate for excretion.
System – Portage Learning Anatomy &
Physiology II with Lab (2026/2027 Edition)
SECTION 1: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS (10 Questions)
Q1: True or False: The ureters drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the renal pelvis of
each kidney to the urinary bladder for storage. This is their primary function in the
urinary system.
Q2: True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The bladder stores urine received from the ureters and empties through the
urethra. Urine flow is unidirectional - from kidneys to bladder via ureters, never backward
from bladder to ureters due to ureterovesical valves.
Q3: True or False: The kidneys are long, thin muscular tubes.
Answer: FALSE
,Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, approximately the size of a can of soup,
weighing about 5 ounces. They are not tubular - the ureters are the long, thin muscular
tubes.
Q4: True or False: The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney due to the
position of the liver.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The right kidney is positioned slightly lower than the left kidney because the
liver occupies space above the right kidney, pushing it downward. Both kidneys are
located between T-12 and L-3 vertebrae.
Q5: True or False: The renal capsule is the outermost layer of kidney protection.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The renal capsule is the innermost protective layer. From innermost to
outermost: renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia. The renal fascia is the
outermost layer that anchors the kidney in place.
Q6: True or False: The afferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the efferent
arteriole.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The afferent arteriole (bringing blood into the glomerulus) has a LARGER
diameter than the efferent arteriole (taking blood away). This size difference creates
high pressure in the glomerulus that drives filtration.
, Q7: True or False: The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The internal urethral sphincter is involuntarily controlled (smooth muscle).
The external urethral sphincter is voluntarily controlled (skeletal muscle) and allows
conscious control of micturition.
Q8: True or False: The kidneys are located between T-12 and L-3 vertebrae.
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located between the T-12 and L-3
vertebral levels. This positioning means trauma at T5 would not damage the kidneys, as
they lie much lower in the abdominal cavity.
Q9: True or False: The renal medulla is the outermost region of the kidney.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: The renal cortex is the outermost region. The renal medulla is the inner
region containing the renal pyramids. The renal pelvis is the centermost structure.
Q10: True or False: Aldosterone causes the excretion of sodium ions in urine.
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Aldosterone causes RETENTION (reabsorption) of sodium ions from the
filtrate back into the blood. In exchange, potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted into
the filtrate for excretion.
