1
NGN ATI PEDIATRICS EXAM PREPARATION COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE UPDATED NGN CASE STUDIES, CLINICAL JUDGMENT
MODELS, AND COMPREHENSIVE CHILD HEALTH REVIEW 2026-
27 JUST RELEASED VERSION
NGN ATI Pediatrics Exam Preparation
Question 1:
A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a high fever,
cough, and difficulty breathing. Upon examination, the nurse notes the child has
stridor and a "barking" cough. The child appears anxious and is sitting upright.
What should the nurse anticipate
administering?
A) Intravenous antibiotics
B) Corticosteroids
C) Antihistamines
D) Bronchodilators
Correct Option: B) Corticosteroids
Rationale:
This child is exhibiting signs of croup, which is often characterized by a barking
cough and stridor due to upper airway inflammation. Corticosteroids are the first-
line treatment to reduce airway inflammation and edema in cases of croup.
Antibiotics may not be effective unless a
bacterial infection is confirmed, and antihistamines and bronchodilators are
typically not the primary treatment for croup. Prompt administration of
corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory distress.
Question 2:
A nurse is assessing a newborn and finds the presence of a heart murmur. Which
of the following should the nurse do next?
A) Document the findings in the chart and continue the assessment.
B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
,2
C) Schedule an echocardiogram for further evaluation.
D) Assess the newborn for additional signs of cardiovascular compromise.
Correct Option: D) Assess the newborn for additional signs of cardiovascular
compromise.
,3
Rationale:
While the presence of a heart murmur in a newborn may warrant further
evaluation, it is essential first to assess for accompanying signs of cardiovascular
compromise, such as cyanosis, poor
feeding, or lethargy. The findings should be documented, and if there are any
concerning symptoms, the healthcare provider should be notified. Scheduling an
echocardiogram can be considered later based on the assessment results.
Question 3:
A pediatric patient with asthma is brought to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The
parent reports
the child has been using the rescue inhaler more than twice a week and has
nighttime symptoms. What action should the nurse recommend?
A) Increase the dose of the rescue inhaler.
B) Begin a daily controller medication.
C) Schedule a follow-up appointment in two months.
D) Educate the parent on asthma triggers.
Correct Option: B) Begin a daily controller
medication. Rationale:
Frequent use of a rescue inhaler (more than twice a week) and the presence of
nighttime symptoms indicate that the child’s asthma is not well-controlled. This
necessitates initiating or adjusting controller medication, such as inhaled
corticosteroids, to help manage inflammation and prevent asthma
exacerbations. While education on triggers and scheduling follow-ups are
important components of asthma management, the child's current state
indicates the need for
immediate pharmacological intervention.
Question 4:
A 4-year-old child presents to the clinic with a rash that is red and scaly, primarily
affecting the scalp and behind the ears. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Impetigo
B) Atopic Dermatitis
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C) Seborrheic Dermatitis
D) Psoriasis
Correct Option: C) Seborrheic
Dermatitis Rationale:
Seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as cradle cap in infants, presents as red,
scaly patches, often on the scalp and behind the ears. Unlike atopic dermatitis,
which is characterized by
intense itching and may involve other areas of the body, seborrheic dermatitis is
less itchy and
NGN ATI PEDIATRICS EXAM PREPARATION COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE UPDATED NGN CASE STUDIES, CLINICAL JUDGMENT
MODELS, AND COMPREHENSIVE CHILD HEALTH REVIEW 2026-
27 JUST RELEASED VERSION
NGN ATI Pediatrics Exam Preparation
Question 1:
A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a high fever,
cough, and difficulty breathing. Upon examination, the nurse notes the child has
stridor and a "barking" cough. The child appears anxious and is sitting upright.
What should the nurse anticipate
administering?
A) Intravenous antibiotics
B) Corticosteroids
C) Antihistamines
D) Bronchodilators
Correct Option: B) Corticosteroids
Rationale:
This child is exhibiting signs of croup, which is often characterized by a barking
cough and stridor due to upper airway inflammation. Corticosteroids are the first-
line treatment to reduce airway inflammation and edema in cases of croup.
Antibiotics may not be effective unless a
bacterial infection is confirmed, and antihistamines and bronchodilators are
typically not the primary treatment for croup. Prompt administration of
corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory distress.
Question 2:
A nurse is assessing a newborn and finds the presence of a heart murmur. Which
of the following should the nurse do next?
A) Document the findings in the chart and continue the assessment.
B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
,2
C) Schedule an echocardiogram for further evaluation.
D) Assess the newborn for additional signs of cardiovascular compromise.
Correct Option: D) Assess the newborn for additional signs of cardiovascular
compromise.
,3
Rationale:
While the presence of a heart murmur in a newborn may warrant further
evaluation, it is essential first to assess for accompanying signs of cardiovascular
compromise, such as cyanosis, poor
feeding, or lethargy. The findings should be documented, and if there are any
concerning symptoms, the healthcare provider should be notified. Scheduling an
echocardiogram can be considered later based on the assessment results.
Question 3:
A pediatric patient with asthma is brought to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The
parent reports
the child has been using the rescue inhaler more than twice a week and has
nighttime symptoms. What action should the nurse recommend?
A) Increase the dose of the rescue inhaler.
B) Begin a daily controller medication.
C) Schedule a follow-up appointment in two months.
D) Educate the parent on asthma triggers.
Correct Option: B) Begin a daily controller
medication. Rationale:
Frequent use of a rescue inhaler (more than twice a week) and the presence of
nighttime symptoms indicate that the child’s asthma is not well-controlled. This
necessitates initiating or adjusting controller medication, such as inhaled
corticosteroids, to help manage inflammation and prevent asthma
exacerbations. While education on triggers and scheduling follow-ups are
important components of asthma management, the child's current state
indicates the need for
immediate pharmacological intervention.
Question 4:
A 4-year-old child presents to the clinic with a rash that is red and scaly, primarily
affecting the scalp and behind the ears. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Impetigo
B) Atopic Dermatitis
, 4
C) Seborrheic Dermatitis
D) Psoriasis
Correct Option: C) Seborrheic
Dermatitis Rationale:
Seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as cradle cap in infants, presents as red,
scaly patches, often on the scalp and behind the ears. Unlike atopic dermatitis,
which is characterized by
intense itching and may involve other areas of the body, seborrheic dermatitis is
less itchy and
