CMN 548 Module 2 Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the most reliable indicator of a patients blood -Fasting blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin
sugar status if they have been taking a 2nd generation A1C)
antipsychotic?
-these medications can cause abnormal glucose tolerating and may lead to
diabetes.
agents associated with abnormalities in serum glucose atypical antipsychotics
levels, including development of diabetes melitus and
hyperglycemia , monitoring levels on a quarterly or
semiannual basis
how often to monitor hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood monitor at 12 weeks, 1 year, then annually
glucose for 2nd generation antipsychotics?
how long can alcohol be detected in urine? 7-12 hours..table says 12 hours for light drinking
how long can marijuana be detected in urine? 2-7 days - for single use
..or 30-60 days- for chronic use
how long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine? 3 days.-for short acting benzodiazepines (ex: Xanax, Ativan)
..or up to 40 days-long-acting benzodiazepines (ex: librium, diazepam)
how long can amphetamines be detected in urine? 48-72 hours (2-3 days)
what are some likely causes of a decrease in blood urea 1. liver failure (severe liver disease) such as that resulting from hepatitis, drugs, or
nitrogen (BUN)? poisoning
2. Acromegaly
3. Malnutrition, low-protein/high carb diets
4. Impaired absorption (celiac disease)
5. Nephrotic syndrome (occasional)
6. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Interfering factors for causes of decrease in blood urea -women and children because they have less muscle mass than adult men
nitrogen (BUN) -overhydration (Exclusive IV feedings)
-late pregnancy r/t increased plasma volume (physiologic hydremia)
-many drugs
drug to increase BUN levels lithium
antipsychotics
, Elevated BUN indications: Kidney dysfunction, and symptoms may include fatigue, swelling (Edema),
frequent urination, confusion, dry mouth and excessive thirst, pale skin, and rapid
heart rate as the body compensates for reduced kidney function
Elevated BUN is common with dehydration
psych drugs linked to elevated BUN -lithium
-second gen (atypical) antipsychotics- olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone
-antidepressants-fluoxetine (prozac) and amitriptyline (elavil)
What do basophils do? constitute a small percentage of the total leukocyte count and are
considered phagocytic.
what do basophils contain? heparin, histamines, and
serotonin.
what are tissue basophils called mast cells and are similar to blood
basophils. Normally, mast cells are not found in peripheral blood and are rarely
seen in healthy bone marrow.
Basophil counts are used to study what? chronic inflammation
basophil normal findings-absolute count: 15 to 50/mm3 or 0.02 to 0.05 Å~ 10 9 /L
Normal findings: basophil differential: 0% to 1.0% of total WBC count
basophilia (>50) common associations: granulocytic leukemia, acute basophilic leukemia, myeloid
metaplasia, meta proliferative disorders, Hodkin disease.
basophilia (>50) LESS common associations: Inflammation, allergy, sinusitis, polycythemia vera, chronic
hemolytic anemia, post-splenectomy, post-ionizing radiation, hypothyroidism,
infections
(TB, smallpox, chickenpox, influenza), foreign protein injection
Basopenia (<20, difficult to diagnose) Acute phase of infection, hyperthyroidism, stress reactions (pregnancy, MI),
prolonged
steroid therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, hereditary absence, acute rheumatic
fever in
children
Identify what might create a false positive blood sugar a. Steroids, diuretics, other drugs (see Appendix E)
value above 140? b. Pregnancy (a slight blood glucose elevation normally occurs)
c. Surgical procedures, anesthesia, and hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU)
d. Obesity or sedentary lifestyle
e. Parenteral glucose administration (e.g., from total parenteral nutrition)
f. Intravenous (IV) glucose (recent or current)
g. Heavy smoking
what is the dawn phenomenon occur in? both non-insulin-dependent and insulindependent
diabetes mellitus.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the most reliable indicator of a patients blood -Fasting blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin
sugar status if they have been taking a 2nd generation A1C)
antipsychotic?
-these medications can cause abnormal glucose tolerating and may lead to
diabetes.
agents associated with abnormalities in serum glucose atypical antipsychotics
levels, including development of diabetes melitus and
hyperglycemia , monitoring levels on a quarterly or
semiannual basis
how often to monitor hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood monitor at 12 weeks, 1 year, then annually
glucose for 2nd generation antipsychotics?
how long can alcohol be detected in urine? 7-12 hours..table says 12 hours for light drinking
how long can marijuana be detected in urine? 2-7 days - for single use
..or 30-60 days- for chronic use
how long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine? 3 days.-for short acting benzodiazepines (ex: Xanax, Ativan)
..or up to 40 days-long-acting benzodiazepines (ex: librium, diazepam)
how long can amphetamines be detected in urine? 48-72 hours (2-3 days)
what are some likely causes of a decrease in blood urea 1. liver failure (severe liver disease) such as that resulting from hepatitis, drugs, or
nitrogen (BUN)? poisoning
2. Acromegaly
3. Malnutrition, low-protein/high carb diets
4. Impaired absorption (celiac disease)
5. Nephrotic syndrome (occasional)
6. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Interfering factors for causes of decrease in blood urea -women and children because they have less muscle mass than adult men
nitrogen (BUN) -overhydration (Exclusive IV feedings)
-late pregnancy r/t increased plasma volume (physiologic hydremia)
-many drugs
drug to increase BUN levels lithium
antipsychotics
, Elevated BUN indications: Kidney dysfunction, and symptoms may include fatigue, swelling (Edema),
frequent urination, confusion, dry mouth and excessive thirst, pale skin, and rapid
heart rate as the body compensates for reduced kidney function
Elevated BUN is common with dehydration
psych drugs linked to elevated BUN -lithium
-second gen (atypical) antipsychotics- olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone
-antidepressants-fluoxetine (prozac) and amitriptyline (elavil)
What do basophils do? constitute a small percentage of the total leukocyte count and are
considered phagocytic.
what do basophils contain? heparin, histamines, and
serotonin.
what are tissue basophils called mast cells and are similar to blood
basophils. Normally, mast cells are not found in peripheral blood and are rarely
seen in healthy bone marrow.
Basophil counts are used to study what? chronic inflammation
basophil normal findings-absolute count: 15 to 50/mm3 or 0.02 to 0.05 Å~ 10 9 /L
Normal findings: basophil differential: 0% to 1.0% of total WBC count
basophilia (>50) common associations: granulocytic leukemia, acute basophilic leukemia, myeloid
metaplasia, meta proliferative disorders, Hodkin disease.
basophilia (>50) LESS common associations: Inflammation, allergy, sinusitis, polycythemia vera, chronic
hemolytic anemia, post-splenectomy, post-ionizing radiation, hypothyroidism,
infections
(TB, smallpox, chickenpox, influenza), foreign protein injection
Basopenia (<20, difficult to diagnose) Acute phase of infection, hyperthyroidism, stress reactions (pregnancy, MI),
prolonged
steroid therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, hereditary absence, acute rheumatic
fever in
children
Identify what might create a false positive blood sugar a. Steroids, diuretics, other drugs (see Appendix E)
value above 140? b. Pregnancy (a slight blood glucose elevation normally occurs)
c. Surgical procedures, anesthesia, and hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU)
d. Obesity or sedentary lifestyle
e. Parenteral glucose administration (e.g., from total parenteral nutrition)
f. Intravenous (IV) glucose (recent or current)
g. Heavy smoking
what is the dawn phenomenon occur in? both non-insulin-dependent and insulindependent
diabetes mellitus.
