COGSCI 180 MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
what event in history caused a shift in how people viewed the industrial revolution
personal identity? - social mobility became possible
- individual talents became important
what three disciplines does this course focus on? philosophy, neuroscience, psychology
idealists (early philosophers) view that everything, including the material world, is actually the mind
what was George Berkeley known for in philosophy? idealist, everything you can know for sure is actually mental, everything else is
colored by perception
What was Rene Descartes known for in regards to mind- "I think therefore I am" famous dualist
body?
dualists (early philosophers) - view that the mind and body are radically different things
- Plato (the Forms)
what is the mind-body problem what is the relationship between the mind and body? what is the relationship
between mental properties and physical properties?
materialists (recent philosophy) view that mental states are just physical states
- behaviorism: studying the relation between observable stimuli and observable
behavioral responses
disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself - cotard's delusion
- body integrity identity disorder
disruption in the narrative self - alzheimer's disease
- retrograde and anterograde amnesia
disruption in the agentive self schizophrenia
dissociation from the self - post-traumatic stress disorder
- depersonalization disorder
- dissociative identity disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body - out-of-body experiences
- doppelgänger effect
The Mind-Body Problem - what is the relationship between the mind and body/brain? (mental and
physical)
, Monism there is only one kind of substance in the universe
- materialism: everything that exists — including mind — is physical
- idealism: everything — including the material world — is mind (George Berkeley)
- transcendental idealism: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with
empiricism, which emphasizes the importance of sensory experience (Kant)
Dualism theory that the mental and the physical — or the mind and body/brain — are, in
some sense, radically different kinds of thing
- Descartes (mind-body dualism): our human senses are unreliable, evil genius
thought experiment (must have a mind)
- brain in a vat theory
Mind-brain identity theory (materialist view) - states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the
brain
- the self and free will are NOT epiphenomenal (a secondary effect) like
materialism/idealism thinks
OPPOSITION - functionalism: what makes something a mental state is its role in its
cognitive system (allows multiple realizability)
Computational theory of mind (materialist view) - human mind is a computational system that is realized by neural activity in the
brain
- physical symbol system hypothesis (Simon and Newell): any physical symbol
system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action (can
include machines)
OPPOSITION - John Searle's Chinese Room argument: describes a situation in
which symbols are manipulated to produce exactly the right
neuroanatomical orientations - anterior: located near/toward the fornt
- posterior: located near/toward the back
- dorsal: in a direction toward the top of the head/the back
- ventral: in a direction towards the bottom of the skull/front surface of the body
- lateral: toward the side of the body
- medial: toward the middle of the body
sections of the brain - coronal/frontal: a slice through the brain parallel to the forehead
- sagittal/lateral: a slice through the brain perpendicular to the ground and
parallel to the temporal lobes
- transverse/axial section: a slice through the brain parallel to the ground
cerebral cortex - part of brain that distinguishes us from other beasts
- convolutions increase surface area of the brain, increasing the amount of info
that can be stored
- includes the neocortex and limbic cortex
CORRECT Answers
what event in history caused a shift in how people viewed the industrial revolution
personal identity? - social mobility became possible
- individual talents became important
what three disciplines does this course focus on? philosophy, neuroscience, psychology
idealists (early philosophers) view that everything, including the material world, is actually the mind
what was George Berkeley known for in philosophy? idealist, everything you can know for sure is actually mental, everything else is
colored by perception
What was Rene Descartes known for in regards to mind- "I think therefore I am" famous dualist
body?
dualists (early philosophers) - view that the mind and body are radically different things
- Plato (the Forms)
what is the mind-body problem what is the relationship between the mind and body? what is the relationship
between mental properties and physical properties?
materialists (recent philosophy) view that mental states are just physical states
- behaviorism: studying the relation between observable stimuli and observable
behavioral responses
disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself - cotard's delusion
- body integrity identity disorder
disruption in the narrative self - alzheimer's disease
- retrograde and anterograde amnesia
disruption in the agentive self schizophrenia
dissociation from the self - post-traumatic stress disorder
- depersonalization disorder
- dissociative identity disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body - out-of-body experiences
- doppelgänger effect
The Mind-Body Problem - what is the relationship between the mind and body/brain? (mental and
physical)
, Monism there is only one kind of substance in the universe
- materialism: everything that exists — including mind — is physical
- idealism: everything — including the material world — is mind (George Berkeley)
- transcendental idealism: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with
empiricism, which emphasizes the importance of sensory experience (Kant)
Dualism theory that the mental and the physical — or the mind and body/brain — are, in
some sense, radically different kinds of thing
- Descartes (mind-body dualism): our human senses are unreliable, evil genius
thought experiment (must have a mind)
- brain in a vat theory
Mind-brain identity theory (materialist view) - states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the
brain
- the self and free will are NOT epiphenomenal (a secondary effect) like
materialism/idealism thinks
OPPOSITION - functionalism: what makes something a mental state is its role in its
cognitive system (allows multiple realizability)
Computational theory of mind (materialist view) - human mind is a computational system that is realized by neural activity in the
brain
- physical symbol system hypothesis (Simon and Newell): any physical symbol
system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action (can
include machines)
OPPOSITION - John Searle's Chinese Room argument: describes a situation in
which symbols are manipulated to produce exactly the right
neuroanatomical orientations - anterior: located near/toward the fornt
- posterior: located near/toward the back
- dorsal: in a direction toward the top of the head/the back
- ventral: in a direction towards the bottom of the skull/front surface of the body
- lateral: toward the side of the body
- medial: toward the middle of the body
sections of the brain - coronal/frontal: a slice through the brain parallel to the forehead
- sagittal/lateral: a slice through the brain perpendicular to the ground and
parallel to the temporal lobes
- transverse/axial section: a slice through the brain parallel to the ground
cerebral cortex - part of brain that distinguishes us from other beasts
- convolutions increase surface area of the brain, increasing the amount of info
that can be stored
- includes the neocortex and limbic cortex
