CogSci 115 Midterm - Fall UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness - control for biases and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
growth mindset - people learn that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication
and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial low socioeconomic status or who are academically at risk
in students with __________________
________ (low income/high income) students are less low income
likely to hold a growth mindset
_____ (low income/high income) students who exhibit a low income, high income
growth mindset may perform better than __________ (low
income/high income) students with a fixed mindset
self-directed neuroplasticity - all mental activity creates new neural structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger
changes in your brain and your experience of living
happiness and ____ has one of the strongest social support
correlations
the greatest predictor of happiness in college students social support
during periods of high stress is ___________
how many pounds is your brain? 3 lbs
how many neurons does the brain contain? 86 billion neurons
how many synaptic connections does the average neuron 1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
make to other neurons?
what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used 20%
by the brain?
T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're False
thinking hard, rather than in a deep sleep.
, levels of organization of nervous system: - individual neurons
cell: ___________ - nerves, ganglia
tissue: ____________ - brain and spinal cord
organ: ____________ - nervous system
system: ____________
Cell body the cell's life support center
Dendrites receive messages from other cells
Axon passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
neural impulse (action potential) electrical signal traveling down the axon
myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
terminal branches of axon form junctions with other cells
terminal button bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with other neurons; sends information
to other neurons via neurotransmitters
Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen- lower, lower
based media had _____ (higher/lower) measures of
structural integrity and myelination and scored
________ (higher/lower)
axons have two basic electrical potentials -resting membrane potential
-action potential
resting membrane potential - extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none True
phenomenon
How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) excitatory vs inhibitory fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action
potential will fire
Synapse a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane (usually
somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
chemical transmission at the synapse -action potential reaches terminal buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
-can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or
drawn back into terminal buttons via reuptake
Reuptake transporters located in the presynaptic membrane transport the molecules of
neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
CORRECT Answers
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness - control for biases and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
growth mindset - people learn that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication
and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial low socioeconomic status or who are academically at risk
in students with __________________
________ (low income/high income) students are less low income
likely to hold a growth mindset
_____ (low income/high income) students who exhibit a low income, high income
growth mindset may perform better than __________ (low
income/high income) students with a fixed mindset
self-directed neuroplasticity - all mental activity creates new neural structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger
changes in your brain and your experience of living
happiness and ____ has one of the strongest social support
correlations
the greatest predictor of happiness in college students social support
during periods of high stress is ___________
how many pounds is your brain? 3 lbs
how many neurons does the brain contain? 86 billion neurons
how many synaptic connections does the average neuron 1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
make to other neurons?
what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used 20%
by the brain?
T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're False
thinking hard, rather than in a deep sleep.
, levels of organization of nervous system: - individual neurons
cell: ___________ - nerves, ganglia
tissue: ____________ - brain and spinal cord
organ: ____________ - nervous system
system: ____________
Cell body the cell's life support center
Dendrites receive messages from other cells
Axon passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
neural impulse (action potential) electrical signal traveling down the axon
myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
terminal branches of axon form junctions with other cells
terminal button bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with other neurons; sends information
to other neurons via neurotransmitters
Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen- lower, lower
based media had _____ (higher/lower) measures of
structural integrity and myelination and scored
________ (higher/lower)
axons have two basic electrical potentials -resting membrane potential
-action potential
resting membrane potential - extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none True
phenomenon
How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) excitatory vs inhibitory fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action
potential will fire
Synapse a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane (usually
somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
chemical transmission at the synapse -action potential reaches terminal buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
-can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or
drawn back into terminal buttons via reuptake
Reuptake transporters located in the presynaptic membrane transport the molecules of
neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
