UCB Cogsci 1 - Final Spring 2025 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
functional approach of classical cogsci 1. why, 2. what, 3. how
AKA computation, algorithm, implementation (CAI)
functional approach steps 1 suggests 2, 2 predicts 3, 3 confirms 2, 2 explains 1
Frontal lobe higher order thinking
parietal lobe spatial orientation
occipital lobe vision
temporal lobe auditory processing
Cerebrum contains the four lobes. It's the big main part of the brain
grey matter neuron bodies
white matter axon connections
cortex outer layer where most neuronal activity occurs
Action Potentials the main communication mechanism between neurons - an electric current, but
not because electrons are moving (instead because charged ions change their
concentration along hte neuron's extensions), can still be treated as an electric
current
bottom-up analysis getting insights on cognition by looking at the implementation
Two visual systems hypothesis ventral stream and dorsal stream
dorsal stream where/action - locations/orientations of objects, perhaps also movement of
object
ventral stream what/perception - object identification
Ungerleider & Mishkin ventral = what and dorsal = where
Goodale and Milner ventral = perception
dorsal = action
card & slot experiment woman with damaged ventral stream couldn't recognize the card or its orientation
but was able to manipulate it. Slow and deliberate is hard but fast is fine.
, Ebbinghaus illusion the same dots illusion. People perceieve the middle dots as different sizes but
their actions correctly treat the dots as the same size; shows that ventral and
dorsal streams are independent of each other
PET and fMRI measure BOLD
EEG measures electrical activity in the brain
PET & fMRI have good __1__ and are __2__ (which is good), 1. spatial resolution
but don't __3__ 2. non-invasive
3. give sense of time
models of lexical processing stages serial (sequential), parallel (same time)
block design experiment same task/stimulus repeated sequentially, while measuring BOLD.
limitations of block-design experiment fMRI is more sensitive, BOLD is more or less linearly additive, single events can be
modeled separately
Brewer et al 1998 demonstrated process behind remembering, was significant for event-related
design for post-hoc assignments of conditions to events
BOLD signal debate what are the neural correlates of the BOLD signal? inputs to neurons more than
the firing of neurons
pupil light enters through it
retina light reaches it
lens acts as a focus, controls light refraction
fovea center of the retina and the visual field
optic disc blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the eye through it (it's a BLIND SPOT)
rods periphery.
Low spatial res, but sensitive to movement.
good night vision
no color
cones center.
good spatial res, bad night vision
good temporal res
RGB color perception
why is perception ≠ sensation our perception of brightness is absolute at the photoreceptors level but
completely influenced by context on the perceptual level
Questions and CORRECT Answers
functional approach of classical cogsci 1. why, 2. what, 3. how
AKA computation, algorithm, implementation (CAI)
functional approach steps 1 suggests 2, 2 predicts 3, 3 confirms 2, 2 explains 1
Frontal lobe higher order thinking
parietal lobe spatial orientation
occipital lobe vision
temporal lobe auditory processing
Cerebrum contains the four lobes. It's the big main part of the brain
grey matter neuron bodies
white matter axon connections
cortex outer layer where most neuronal activity occurs
Action Potentials the main communication mechanism between neurons - an electric current, but
not because electrons are moving (instead because charged ions change their
concentration along hte neuron's extensions), can still be treated as an electric
current
bottom-up analysis getting insights on cognition by looking at the implementation
Two visual systems hypothesis ventral stream and dorsal stream
dorsal stream where/action - locations/orientations of objects, perhaps also movement of
object
ventral stream what/perception - object identification
Ungerleider & Mishkin ventral = what and dorsal = where
Goodale and Milner ventral = perception
dorsal = action
card & slot experiment woman with damaged ventral stream couldn't recognize the card or its orientation
but was able to manipulate it. Slow and deliberate is hard but fast is fine.
, Ebbinghaus illusion the same dots illusion. People perceieve the middle dots as different sizes but
their actions correctly treat the dots as the same size; shows that ventral and
dorsal streams are independent of each other
PET and fMRI measure BOLD
EEG measures electrical activity in the brain
PET & fMRI have good __1__ and are __2__ (which is good), 1. spatial resolution
but don't __3__ 2. non-invasive
3. give sense of time
models of lexical processing stages serial (sequential), parallel (same time)
block design experiment same task/stimulus repeated sequentially, while measuring BOLD.
limitations of block-design experiment fMRI is more sensitive, BOLD is more or less linearly additive, single events can be
modeled separately
Brewer et al 1998 demonstrated process behind remembering, was significant for event-related
design for post-hoc assignments of conditions to events
BOLD signal debate what are the neural correlates of the BOLD signal? inputs to neurons more than
the firing of neurons
pupil light enters through it
retina light reaches it
lens acts as a focus, controls light refraction
fovea center of the retina and the visual field
optic disc blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the eye through it (it's a BLIND SPOT)
rods periphery.
Low spatial res, but sensitive to movement.
good night vision
no color
cones center.
good spatial res, bad night vision
good temporal res
RGB color perception
why is perception ≠ sensation our perception of brightness is absolute at the photoreceptors level but
completely influenced by context on the perceptual level
