3280 Patho Exam 3 Latest Questions
and All Correct/Verified Answers 2025-
2026.
Micro vessels include: - Answer -Arteries
-Arterioles
-Terminal Arterioles
-Recappilary Sphincter
-Capillaries
-Collecting venules
-Muscular Venules
Arteries - Answer -100 µm in diameter; continuous endothelium;
-Bulk Fluid transfer
Arterioles - Answer -15-100 µm in diameter; continuous endothelium;
-Resistance
Terminal Arterioles - Answer -5-20 µm in diameter
-continuous endothelium
- Just before you come into capillaries
Recapillary Sphincter (region) - Answer -2-10 µm diameter
- How we regulate flow into regions of the capillary bed
- discontinuous smooth muscle
- tone under local control.
Capillaries - Answer -4-8 µm diameter
-continuous or discontinuous endothelium
-not innervated; primary site of substrate exchange
-some pericytes
- typical length = 0.5mm
- exchange
-Vey thin tubes, break them easily from the outside but hard to break from the inside
,Collecting Venules - Answer -8-50 µm diameter
- The way out of the capilary
-continuous endothelium
Some Substrate exchange
Muscular Venules - Answer >50 µm diameter; continuous endothelium; substantial blood
reservoir.
What do capillaries lack? - Answer smooth muscle and elastic tissue reinforcement which
facilitates exchange
Starling Forces - Answer 4 Forces of pressure driving water across the capillary wall (center
of capillary)
Capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer -Push out
Plasma Colloid Oncotic Pressure - Answer -Driven by plasma proteins
-Pull in
Interstitial Fluid Pressure - Answer -Push in
Interstitial Colloid Oncotic Pressure - Answer - Pull out
What determines whether water moves out or into the vasculature? - Answer the relative
magnitude of the hydrostatic forces and the oncotic forces
Fluid Pressures should - Answer "push water"
Osmotic Pressures should - Answer "pull" water
Net Filtration Pressure - Answer - means your losing water
Increased Filtration - Answer -Increase Arterial or venous pressure ( Increase capillary
pressure)
-Decrease Interstitial fluid pressure
, -Increase Capillary permeability
-Decrease Plasma protein content (Dec. oncotic pressure)
Decreased Filtration - Answer -Dec. Arterial or venous pressure (Dec. capillary pressure)
- Inc. Interstitial fluid pressure
- Inc. Plasma protein content ( Inc. oncotic pressure)
- Dec. Capillary permeability
What external pressure would be needed to stop capillary filtration? - Answer
net filtration across the capillaries is picked up by.... - Answer the lymph system (like a storm
sewer)
Edema Formation - Answer -Increased capillary pressure (venous obstruction; pump failure)
-Increased capillary permeability (sepsis, trauma, prolonged ischemia)
-Decreased oncotic pressure (malnutrition, capillary injury)
-Lymphatic obstruction (tumor, parasitic infection)
The pacemaker potential gradually becomes less negative until when... - Answer It reaches
threshold, triggering an action potential
Nodal Action Potential - Answer spontaneous depolarization; diastolic depolarization; phase
4 depolarization
SA Node... rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 60-100
Atrial myocardium...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer None
AV Node...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 40-55
AV bundle...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 40-55
Bundle Branches...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 25-40
Purkinje network...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 25-40
and All Correct/Verified Answers 2025-
2026.
Micro vessels include: - Answer -Arteries
-Arterioles
-Terminal Arterioles
-Recappilary Sphincter
-Capillaries
-Collecting venules
-Muscular Venules
Arteries - Answer -100 µm in diameter; continuous endothelium;
-Bulk Fluid transfer
Arterioles - Answer -15-100 µm in diameter; continuous endothelium;
-Resistance
Terminal Arterioles - Answer -5-20 µm in diameter
-continuous endothelium
- Just before you come into capillaries
Recapillary Sphincter (region) - Answer -2-10 µm diameter
- How we regulate flow into regions of the capillary bed
- discontinuous smooth muscle
- tone under local control.
Capillaries - Answer -4-8 µm diameter
-continuous or discontinuous endothelium
-not innervated; primary site of substrate exchange
-some pericytes
- typical length = 0.5mm
- exchange
-Vey thin tubes, break them easily from the outside but hard to break from the inside
,Collecting Venules - Answer -8-50 µm diameter
- The way out of the capilary
-continuous endothelium
Some Substrate exchange
Muscular Venules - Answer >50 µm diameter; continuous endothelium; substantial blood
reservoir.
What do capillaries lack? - Answer smooth muscle and elastic tissue reinforcement which
facilitates exchange
Starling Forces - Answer 4 Forces of pressure driving water across the capillary wall (center
of capillary)
Capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer -Push out
Plasma Colloid Oncotic Pressure - Answer -Driven by plasma proteins
-Pull in
Interstitial Fluid Pressure - Answer -Push in
Interstitial Colloid Oncotic Pressure - Answer - Pull out
What determines whether water moves out or into the vasculature? - Answer the relative
magnitude of the hydrostatic forces and the oncotic forces
Fluid Pressures should - Answer "push water"
Osmotic Pressures should - Answer "pull" water
Net Filtration Pressure - Answer - means your losing water
Increased Filtration - Answer -Increase Arterial or venous pressure ( Increase capillary
pressure)
-Decrease Interstitial fluid pressure
, -Increase Capillary permeability
-Decrease Plasma protein content (Dec. oncotic pressure)
Decreased Filtration - Answer -Dec. Arterial or venous pressure (Dec. capillary pressure)
- Inc. Interstitial fluid pressure
- Inc. Plasma protein content ( Inc. oncotic pressure)
- Dec. Capillary permeability
What external pressure would be needed to stop capillary filtration? - Answer
net filtration across the capillaries is picked up by.... - Answer the lymph system (like a storm
sewer)
Edema Formation - Answer -Increased capillary pressure (venous obstruction; pump failure)
-Increased capillary permeability (sepsis, trauma, prolonged ischemia)
-Decreased oncotic pressure (malnutrition, capillary injury)
-Lymphatic obstruction (tumor, parasitic infection)
The pacemaker potential gradually becomes less negative until when... - Answer It reaches
threshold, triggering an action potential
Nodal Action Potential - Answer spontaneous depolarization; diastolic depolarization; phase
4 depolarization
SA Node... rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 60-100
Atrial myocardium...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer None
AV Node...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 40-55
AV bundle...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 40-55
Bundle Branches...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 25-40
Purkinje network...rate of pacemaker discharge(minutes) - Answer 25-40
