PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 2 NCLEX
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
A nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient using the Snellen chart. Which statement is true
regarding the use of the Snellen chart?
1. The chart is placed 40 feet away from the patient.
2. The patient reads the letters using one eye at a time.
3. The numerator (top number) indicates the smallest line that the patient could read.
4. The denominator (bottom number) refers to the patient's distance from the chart. - Answer
Correct Answer: 2
Visual acuity is tested by having the patient read the lines on the Snellen chart with one eye
while the other eye is completely covered. Then the opposite eye is tested in the same manner.
(1) The patient is normally 20 feet away from the chart. (3) The top number indicates how far
away the patient is. (4) The bottom number refers to the distance at which people with normal
vision can read the line of the chart.
While looking at a card with a geometric grid of identical squares, a patient is asked to focus on
a central dot and to describe any distortions of the surrounding boxes. Which patient statement
indicates a need for further diagnostic testing?
1. "I get dizzy staring at these boxes for so long."
2. "I am beginning to see color differences in the squares."
3. "I can see all the boxes surrounding the dot."
4. "There are wavy lines around the central dot." - Answer Correct Answer: 4
Seeing wavy lines on an Amsler grid is an indication that the patient has a macular problem.
Further evaluation by an ophthalmologist should be sought quickly. (1) Getting dizzy does not
indicate macular degeneration. (2) Color difference is not a function of macular degeneration.
(3) Seeing all of the boxes indicates normal vision.
During a health care provider visit, a 65-year-old man complains of pain in his right eye
associated with excessive tearing. You note that the eye is red with lashes rubbing against the
cornea. A likely condition would be:
1. ptosis.
2. ectropion.
3. hordeolum.
4. entropion. - Answer Correct Answer: 4
,When the eyelid is inverted and the lashes rub on the eyeball, it is called entropion. (1) Ptosis is
a drooping of the lower eyelid. (2) Ectropion is when the eyelid folds outward. (3) Hordeolum is
a disorder of the eyelid.
Which nursing action(s) demonstrate(s) appropriate care of a patient who is visually impaired?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Introduce self before touching.
2. Speak slowly with a loud voice.
3. Keep the door ajar.
4. Ensure ready access to the call button for assistance.
5. Assist with feeding using the clock method. - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 4, 5
To avoid startling the patient, you should introduce yourself before touching them. The call
button should be positioned so that the patient knows where it is and where it can be quickly
reached. Describing foods on the plate by where they would be positioned on a clock face helps
the patient eat independently. (2) Speaking slowly with a loud voice may be used to speak to a
person with a hearing impairment. (3) Keeping the door ajar may add disruptive noises.
A male patient was informed that he would need to wear a pair of corrective lenses for
astigmatism. When asked about the condition, the patient demonstrates understanding when
he states that:
1. "Astigmatism is hardening of the ciliary muscles."
2. "Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea."
3. "Astigmatism enables focusing of light in front of the retina."
4. "Astigmatism is an increased opacity of the lens." - Answer Correct Answer: 2
Astigmatism is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea. (1) Hardening of the ciliary
muscles is not astigmatism. (3) Astigmatism focuses light in several points. (4) Cataracts are
increased opacity of the lens.
Which instruction must be included in the discharge teaching of a patient who has undergone
corneal transplant?
1. Increase physical activity.
2. Wear an eye shield when in close contact with children or pets.
3. Remove the pressure dressing as needed.
4. Lie only on the operative side. - Answer Correct Answer: 2
The patient should protect the eye with an eye shield when around children or pets to prevent
an accidental injury to the eye with disruption of the corneal transplant. (1) Physical activity
, should be reduced. (3) The pressure dressing should be kept in place. (4) The patient should lie
on the opposite side of the surgery.
An older adult is admitted for cataract extraction. Which sign or symptom is associated with this
condition?
1. Increased tearing
2. Increasing farsightedness
3. Increasing complaints about glare
4. Bluish discolorations - Answer Correct Answer: 3
Increasing complaints about glare are associated with the growth of a cataract.
Retinopathy is frequent in patients with diabetes, either from overgrowth of blood vessels or
from hypertension that causes increased pressure and rupture of vessels. (1) Cataracts do not
cause tearing. (2) Cataracts do not alter the point of focus on the retina. (4) Cataracts do not
cause blue discoloration.
People with diabetes may face several eye problems and diseases as a complication of their
illness. Which of the following can cause severe vision loss or blindness in a person with
diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
1. Glaucoma
2. Retinopathy
3. Presbyopia
4. Cataracts - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 2, 4
Diabetics may face a group of eye diseases, including (1) glaucoma, (2) retinopathy, and (4)
cataracts. (3) Although diabetics may have presbyopia, it is not associated with blindness and
diabetics are not at increased risk.
After eye surgery, a patient is instructed to avoid movements that increase the venous pressure
in the head, neck, and eyes. Which movement(s) increase(s) venous pressure? (Select all that
apply.)
1. Straining
2. Bending over
3. Keeping the head up
4. Sudden head movements
5. Strenuous exercises - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 2, 5
(1) Straining when lifting heavy objects or to pass stool, (2) bending over with the head down,
and (5) strenuous exercise can all increase intracranial pressure and venous pressure in the
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
A nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient using the Snellen chart. Which statement is true
regarding the use of the Snellen chart?
1. The chart is placed 40 feet away from the patient.
2. The patient reads the letters using one eye at a time.
3. The numerator (top number) indicates the smallest line that the patient could read.
4. The denominator (bottom number) refers to the patient's distance from the chart. - Answer
Correct Answer: 2
Visual acuity is tested by having the patient read the lines on the Snellen chart with one eye
while the other eye is completely covered. Then the opposite eye is tested in the same manner.
(1) The patient is normally 20 feet away from the chart. (3) The top number indicates how far
away the patient is. (4) The bottom number refers to the distance at which people with normal
vision can read the line of the chart.
While looking at a card with a geometric grid of identical squares, a patient is asked to focus on
a central dot and to describe any distortions of the surrounding boxes. Which patient statement
indicates a need for further diagnostic testing?
1. "I get dizzy staring at these boxes for so long."
2. "I am beginning to see color differences in the squares."
3. "I can see all the boxes surrounding the dot."
4. "There are wavy lines around the central dot." - Answer Correct Answer: 4
Seeing wavy lines on an Amsler grid is an indication that the patient has a macular problem.
Further evaluation by an ophthalmologist should be sought quickly. (1) Getting dizzy does not
indicate macular degeneration. (2) Color difference is not a function of macular degeneration.
(3) Seeing all of the boxes indicates normal vision.
During a health care provider visit, a 65-year-old man complains of pain in his right eye
associated with excessive tearing. You note that the eye is red with lashes rubbing against the
cornea. A likely condition would be:
1. ptosis.
2. ectropion.
3. hordeolum.
4. entropion. - Answer Correct Answer: 4
,When the eyelid is inverted and the lashes rub on the eyeball, it is called entropion. (1) Ptosis is
a drooping of the lower eyelid. (2) Ectropion is when the eyelid folds outward. (3) Hordeolum is
a disorder of the eyelid.
Which nursing action(s) demonstrate(s) appropriate care of a patient who is visually impaired?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Introduce self before touching.
2. Speak slowly with a loud voice.
3. Keep the door ajar.
4. Ensure ready access to the call button for assistance.
5. Assist with feeding using the clock method. - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 4, 5
To avoid startling the patient, you should introduce yourself before touching them. The call
button should be positioned so that the patient knows where it is and where it can be quickly
reached. Describing foods on the plate by where they would be positioned on a clock face helps
the patient eat independently. (2) Speaking slowly with a loud voice may be used to speak to a
person with a hearing impairment. (3) Keeping the door ajar may add disruptive noises.
A male patient was informed that he would need to wear a pair of corrective lenses for
astigmatism. When asked about the condition, the patient demonstrates understanding when
he states that:
1. "Astigmatism is hardening of the ciliary muscles."
2. "Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea."
3. "Astigmatism enables focusing of light in front of the retina."
4. "Astigmatism is an increased opacity of the lens." - Answer Correct Answer: 2
Astigmatism is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea. (1) Hardening of the ciliary
muscles is not astigmatism. (3) Astigmatism focuses light in several points. (4) Cataracts are
increased opacity of the lens.
Which instruction must be included in the discharge teaching of a patient who has undergone
corneal transplant?
1. Increase physical activity.
2. Wear an eye shield when in close contact with children or pets.
3. Remove the pressure dressing as needed.
4. Lie only on the operative side. - Answer Correct Answer: 2
The patient should protect the eye with an eye shield when around children or pets to prevent
an accidental injury to the eye with disruption of the corneal transplant. (1) Physical activity
, should be reduced. (3) The pressure dressing should be kept in place. (4) The patient should lie
on the opposite side of the surgery.
An older adult is admitted for cataract extraction. Which sign or symptom is associated with this
condition?
1. Increased tearing
2. Increasing farsightedness
3. Increasing complaints about glare
4. Bluish discolorations - Answer Correct Answer: 3
Increasing complaints about glare are associated with the growth of a cataract.
Retinopathy is frequent in patients with diabetes, either from overgrowth of blood vessels or
from hypertension that causes increased pressure and rupture of vessels. (1) Cataracts do not
cause tearing. (2) Cataracts do not alter the point of focus on the retina. (4) Cataracts do not
cause blue discoloration.
People with diabetes may face several eye problems and diseases as a complication of their
illness. Which of the following can cause severe vision loss or blindness in a person with
diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
1. Glaucoma
2. Retinopathy
3. Presbyopia
4. Cataracts - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 2, 4
Diabetics may face a group of eye diseases, including (1) glaucoma, (2) retinopathy, and (4)
cataracts. (3) Although diabetics may have presbyopia, it is not associated with blindness and
diabetics are not at increased risk.
After eye surgery, a patient is instructed to avoid movements that increase the venous pressure
in the head, neck, and eyes. Which movement(s) increase(s) venous pressure? (Select all that
apply.)
1. Straining
2. Bending over
3. Keeping the head up
4. Sudden head movements
5. Strenuous exercises - Answer Correct Answers: 1, 2, 5
(1) Straining when lifting heavy objects or to pass stool, (2) bending over with the head down,
and (5) strenuous exercise can all increase intracranial pressure and venous pressure in the
