SOPHIA INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS FINAL
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Parameter. Answer: A value calculated using all the data from the
entire population.
◉ Census. Answer: A survey of an entire population.
◉ Sample. Answer: A smaller subset of the entire population, ideally one
that is fairly representative of the whole population.
◉ Statistic. Answer: A value calculated using the data from a sample.
◉ Categorical (qualitative) data. Answer: Pieces of information that
allow us to classify the objects under investigation into various
groupings .
◉ Quantitative data. Answer: Responses that are numerical in nature and
with which we can perform meaningful arithmetic calculations.
, ◉ Sampling bias. Answer: Every member of the population doesn't have
an equal likelihood of being in the sample.
◉ Random sample. Answer: Each member of the population has an
equal probability of being chosen.
◉ Simple random sample. Answer: Every member of the population and
any group of member has an equal probability of being chosen.
◉ Sampling variability. Answer: The natural diversity of samples.
◉ Stratified sampling. Answer: A population is divided into a number of
subgroups. Random samples are then taken from each subgroup with
sample sizes proportional to the size of the subgroup in the population.
◉ Quota sampling. Answer: A variation on stratified sampling, wherein
samples are collected in each subgroup until the desired allotment is
met.
◉ Cluster sampling. Answer: The population is divided into subgroups
and a set of subgroups are selected to be in the sample.
◉ Systematic sampling. Answer: Every member of the population is
selected to be in the sample.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Parameter. Answer: A value calculated using all the data from the
entire population.
◉ Census. Answer: A survey of an entire population.
◉ Sample. Answer: A smaller subset of the entire population, ideally one
that is fairly representative of the whole population.
◉ Statistic. Answer: A value calculated using the data from a sample.
◉ Categorical (qualitative) data. Answer: Pieces of information that
allow us to classify the objects under investigation into various
groupings .
◉ Quantitative data. Answer: Responses that are numerical in nature and
with which we can perform meaningful arithmetic calculations.
, ◉ Sampling bias. Answer: Every member of the population doesn't have
an equal likelihood of being in the sample.
◉ Random sample. Answer: Each member of the population has an
equal probability of being chosen.
◉ Simple random sample. Answer: Every member of the population and
any group of member has an equal probability of being chosen.
◉ Sampling variability. Answer: The natural diversity of samples.
◉ Stratified sampling. Answer: A population is divided into a number of
subgroups. Random samples are then taken from each subgroup with
sample sizes proportional to the size of the subgroup in the population.
◉ Quota sampling. Answer: A variation on stratified sampling, wherein
samples are collected in each subgroup until the desired allotment is
met.
◉ Cluster sampling. Answer: The population is divided into subgroups
and a set of subgroups are selected to be in the sample.
◉ Systematic sampling. Answer: Every member of the population is
selected to be in the sample.
