Cognitive neuropsychiatry summary
Lecture 1 - 7
,Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1 – eating disorders by Anouk Keizer ................................................................................................... 4
Part I - introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Part II – Anorexia Nervosa and neuropsychology ............................................................................................... 4
Part III – role of the brain in body image ............................................................................................................ 6
Part IV – body representation in anorexia .......................................................................................................... 8
Part V – Treatment of body representation disturbances in anorexia .............................................................. 10
Q & A – eating disorder..................................................................................................................................... 12
Lecture 2 – Body Integrity Dysphoria: Kayla Stone ......................................................................................... 13
What is the explanation of body integrity dysphoria? ...................................................................................... 15
What do representations of the body look like in BID? ..................................................................................... 16
What are current treatment approaches of people with BID? ......................................................................... 17
Lecture 3 – borderline .................................................................................................................................... 18
Part I – What is borderline? .............................................................................................................................. 18
Part II – Identity disturbance in neuropsychology............................................................................................. 19
Part III – unstable mood & neuropsychology .................................................................................................... 20
Part IV – abandonment ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Taken together ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Lecture 4 – Imaging Trauma ........................................................................................................................... 25
Treatment ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Neuroanatomical differences ........................................................................................................................... 26
Hippocampal volume after treatment .............................................................................................................. 26
Lecture 5 – Schizophrenia............................................................................................................................... 31
Part I – Schizophrenia ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Part II – childhood trauma as the invisible backpack ........................................................................................ 33
Lecture 6 – depression ................................................................................................................................... 35
Theories of depression ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Monoamine theory: disbalance of neurotransmitters ................................................................................. 37
Environment interlinked with neuroplasticity.............................................................................................. 37
Treatment ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Cognitive behavioral therapy ....................................................................................................................... 38
Electroconvulsive therapy ................................................................................................................................. 41
Lecture 7 – Psychopathy and agression .......................................................................................................... 43
Lecture David Terburg....................................................................................................................................... 43
,Part II: Morality & Psychopathy – Estrella Montoya ......................................................................................... 47
Brain areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Moral impairment in psychopathy.................................................................................................................... 49
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 50
, Lecture 1 – eating disorders by Anouk Keizer
Part I - introduction
In the image below you will see different shades of red, and the question is, how many do you see?
This is an experiment that Anouk Keizer always tries to do in lecture, and she will ask people in the
audience how many shades they see. Some report that they see three shades, others see two or 4 or
even more. The thing is, that everyone perceives it differently. So does reality really exist or is it
different for people, and what is the role of the brain in how reality exist?
And many other illusion excist that challenge our brain. Some things are perceived differently while
they’re actually the same. These two orange circles are the same size, but perceived as different
sizes.
So, our brain is in charge and fools us continuously. Our brain decides how we interpreted the world
around us based on experiences but also based on simple hardwiring of our brain and shapes our
reality. In that sense we can say that not everyone has the same reality and that we all have an
individually reality based on how our individual brain works. And Anouk Keizer thinks this is also
going on with Anorexia patients. For anorexia how they perceive their own body is their reality.
Part II – Anorexia Nervosa and neuropsychology
Anorexia nervosa defined by DSM-5:
A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body
weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly
low body weight is a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and
adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
B. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with
weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.
C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence
of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the
seriousness of current low body weight.
Lecture 1 - 7
,Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1 – eating disorders by Anouk Keizer ................................................................................................... 4
Part I - introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Part II – Anorexia Nervosa and neuropsychology ............................................................................................... 4
Part III – role of the brain in body image ............................................................................................................ 6
Part IV – body representation in anorexia .......................................................................................................... 8
Part V – Treatment of body representation disturbances in anorexia .............................................................. 10
Q & A – eating disorder..................................................................................................................................... 12
Lecture 2 – Body Integrity Dysphoria: Kayla Stone ......................................................................................... 13
What is the explanation of body integrity dysphoria? ...................................................................................... 15
What do representations of the body look like in BID? ..................................................................................... 16
What are current treatment approaches of people with BID? ......................................................................... 17
Lecture 3 – borderline .................................................................................................................................... 18
Part I – What is borderline? .............................................................................................................................. 18
Part II – Identity disturbance in neuropsychology............................................................................................. 19
Part III – unstable mood & neuropsychology .................................................................................................... 20
Part IV – abandonment ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Taken together ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Lecture 4 – Imaging Trauma ........................................................................................................................... 25
Treatment ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Neuroanatomical differences ........................................................................................................................... 26
Hippocampal volume after treatment .............................................................................................................. 26
Lecture 5 – Schizophrenia............................................................................................................................... 31
Part I – Schizophrenia ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Part II – childhood trauma as the invisible backpack ........................................................................................ 33
Lecture 6 – depression ................................................................................................................................... 35
Theories of depression ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Monoamine theory: disbalance of neurotransmitters ................................................................................. 37
Environment interlinked with neuroplasticity.............................................................................................. 37
Treatment ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Cognitive behavioral therapy ....................................................................................................................... 38
Electroconvulsive therapy ................................................................................................................................. 41
Lecture 7 – Psychopathy and agression .......................................................................................................... 43
Lecture David Terburg....................................................................................................................................... 43
,Part II: Morality & Psychopathy – Estrella Montoya ......................................................................................... 47
Brain areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Moral impairment in psychopathy.................................................................................................................... 49
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 50
, Lecture 1 – eating disorders by Anouk Keizer
Part I - introduction
In the image below you will see different shades of red, and the question is, how many do you see?
This is an experiment that Anouk Keizer always tries to do in lecture, and she will ask people in the
audience how many shades they see. Some report that they see three shades, others see two or 4 or
even more. The thing is, that everyone perceives it differently. So does reality really exist or is it
different for people, and what is the role of the brain in how reality exist?
And many other illusion excist that challenge our brain. Some things are perceived differently while
they’re actually the same. These two orange circles are the same size, but perceived as different
sizes.
So, our brain is in charge and fools us continuously. Our brain decides how we interpreted the world
around us based on experiences but also based on simple hardwiring of our brain and shapes our
reality. In that sense we can say that not everyone has the same reality and that we all have an
individually reality based on how our individual brain works. And Anouk Keizer thinks this is also
going on with Anorexia patients. For anorexia how they perceive their own body is their reality.
Part II – Anorexia Nervosa and neuropsychology
Anorexia nervosa defined by DSM-5:
A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body
weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly
low body weight is a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and
adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
B. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with
weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.
C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence
of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the
seriousness of current low body weight.
