BSC 2085 Ch. 5,6,9 Midterm Review UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Name the two major components of the integumentary cutaneous membrane (skin) and accessory structures
system
Components of the cutaneous membrane epidermis and dermis
Name and location of accessory structures Hair, nails, exocrine glands (sweat and sebaceous glands); originate from the
epidermis and can extend down through the dermis into the hypodermis
Hypodermis is considered separate from the integument True, not part of the integument but connects skin to underlying tissues
(true or false)
Hypodermis is loose connective tissue, also known as True, its loose connective tissue (also called subcutaneous layer or superficial
subcutaneous layer and superficial fascia (true or false) fascia
General functions of the skin Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D3 synthesis,
immune defense
layers of epidermis (deep to superficial) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only thick
skin), stratum corneum
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular and how does it Avascular, nutrients diffuse from dermal capillaries
obtain nutrients?
Where are epidermal cells found with the highest Stratum basale—closest to blood supply, mitotically active
metabolic demands and why?
Name the most abundant epithelial cells keratinocytes
Where are the thick and thin skin found? Thin skin: most of the body; thick skin: palms of hands and soles of feet
Number the layers of thick and thick skin Thin-4 layers; thick-5 layers (includes stratum lucidum)
The stratum corneum has a much thicker superficial later Found in thick skin
in the
The stratum lucidum only appears in the Thick skin
Name the strata in order from the basal lamina to the Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
surface
The stratum germinativum is also known as the Stratum basale layer
Function of the hemidesmosomes found in the basal layer Anchor basal cells of epidermis to basement membrane
, The pattern of the epidermal ridges forms the True
fingerprints (true or false)
All strata of the epidermis contain keratinocytes (true or True
false)
Name the cells found in the basale layer Basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, merkel cells
Function of the stem cells Replace lost keratinocytes through mitosis
Function of the Merkel cells and where they are found Touch receptors found in the stratum basale (especially in sensitive areas like
fingertips
Function of the melanocytes and melanin Melanocytes: produce melanin for UV protection; melanin: pigment that absorbs
UV light, protects DNA
What is albino, and do albino people have melanocytes Albinism: genetic lack of melanin production; do they have melanocytes: yes, but
nonfunctional
Cells of the stratum spinosum; functions of the dendritic Keratinocytes and langerhans—immune response
(langerhans cells)
What is insensible perspiration, what is sensible Insensible: water loss through evaporation—unnoticeable; sensible: produced by
perspiration? active sweat glands
Epidermal pigments melanin and carotene
Where else can we find carotene? Found in stratum corneum and andipose tissue (hypodermis)
Carotene converts to Vitamin A
Vitamin A is requires for normal maintenance of Epithelia and the synthesis of photoreceptors in the retina
High melanocyte concentration Face, nipples, genitalia
Small amounts of UV radiations is beneficial (true or false True, stimulates vitamin D synthesis
and why)
Melanocyte UV response Increase melanin production to protect DNA
Immediate and long term effects of UV rays Immediate: sunburn, long-term: wrinkles, cancer, DNA damage
Blood's role in skin color Hemoglobin gives pinkish tone; oxygen level affects color
Cyanosis Bluish skin from low oxygen
Jaundice Yellowing due to bilirubin buildup (liver dysfunction).
Vitiligo Autoimmune loss of melanocytes in patches
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Name the two major components of the integumentary cutaneous membrane (skin) and accessory structures
system
Components of the cutaneous membrane epidermis and dermis
Name and location of accessory structures Hair, nails, exocrine glands (sweat and sebaceous glands); originate from the
epidermis and can extend down through the dermis into the hypodermis
Hypodermis is considered separate from the integument True, not part of the integument but connects skin to underlying tissues
(true or false)
Hypodermis is loose connective tissue, also known as True, its loose connective tissue (also called subcutaneous layer or superficial
subcutaneous layer and superficial fascia (true or false) fascia
General functions of the skin Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D3 synthesis,
immune defense
layers of epidermis (deep to superficial) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only thick
skin), stratum corneum
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular and how does it Avascular, nutrients diffuse from dermal capillaries
obtain nutrients?
Where are epidermal cells found with the highest Stratum basale—closest to blood supply, mitotically active
metabolic demands and why?
Name the most abundant epithelial cells keratinocytes
Where are the thick and thin skin found? Thin skin: most of the body; thick skin: palms of hands and soles of feet
Number the layers of thick and thick skin Thin-4 layers; thick-5 layers (includes stratum lucidum)
The stratum corneum has a much thicker superficial later Found in thick skin
in the
The stratum lucidum only appears in the Thick skin
Name the strata in order from the basal lamina to the Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
surface
The stratum germinativum is also known as the Stratum basale layer
Function of the hemidesmosomes found in the basal layer Anchor basal cells of epidermis to basement membrane
, The pattern of the epidermal ridges forms the True
fingerprints (true or false)
All strata of the epidermis contain keratinocytes (true or True
false)
Name the cells found in the basale layer Basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, merkel cells
Function of the stem cells Replace lost keratinocytes through mitosis
Function of the Merkel cells and where they are found Touch receptors found in the stratum basale (especially in sensitive areas like
fingertips
Function of the melanocytes and melanin Melanocytes: produce melanin for UV protection; melanin: pigment that absorbs
UV light, protects DNA
What is albino, and do albino people have melanocytes Albinism: genetic lack of melanin production; do they have melanocytes: yes, but
nonfunctional
Cells of the stratum spinosum; functions of the dendritic Keratinocytes and langerhans—immune response
(langerhans cells)
What is insensible perspiration, what is sensible Insensible: water loss through evaporation—unnoticeable; sensible: produced by
perspiration? active sweat glands
Epidermal pigments melanin and carotene
Where else can we find carotene? Found in stratum corneum and andipose tissue (hypodermis)
Carotene converts to Vitamin A
Vitamin A is requires for normal maintenance of Epithelia and the synthesis of photoreceptors in the retina
High melanocyte concentration Face, nipples, genitalia
Small amounts of UV radiations is beneficial (true or false True, stimulates vitamin D synthesis
and why)
Melanocyte UV response Increase melanin production to protect DNA
Immediate and long term effects of UV rays Immediate: sunburn, long-term: wrinkles, cancer, DNA damage
Blood's role in skin color Hemoglobin gives pinkish tone; oxygen level affects color
Cyanosis Bluish skin from low oxygen
Jaundice Yellowing due to bilirubin buildup (liver dysfunction).
Vitiligo Autoimmune loss of melanocytes in patches
