Anatomy and Physiology BSC2085 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Anatomy and Physiology Structure and function of the body
Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy Study of large body structures visible to naked eye
(ex: Heart, lungs, kidneys).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy.
Regional Anatomy All the structures in particular region of the body are examined at the same time
(ex. Muscles, bones, blood vessels, and nerves, etc.).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy Body structure is studied system by system
(ex. When studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and
the blood vessels of the entire body).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy.
Microscopic Anatomy Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Subdivisions: Cytology - study of cells, Histology - study of tissues.
Developmental Anatomy Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.
Subdivision: Embryology - study of developmental changes before birth.
Renal Physiology Concerns kidney function and urine production.
Cardiovascular Pysiology Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels.
Neurophysiology Explains the workings of the nervous system.
The Principle of Complementarity of Structure and The relationship between a structure and its function.
Function (ex. Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard
mineral deposits.)
Chemical Level The simplest level of the structural hierarchy.
Atoms combine to form molecules.
Include: atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells.
, Cellular Level Cells are the smallest units of living things.
All cells share some common functions, but vary in size and shape, reflecting their
unique functions in the body.
Cells are made up of molecules
Organ Level Organ is a discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs
a specific function for the body.
At this level, extremely complex functions become possible.
Tissue Level Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Include:
Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissues
Organ System Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Include:
Cardiovascular, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic,
respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems
Organismal Level Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.
Integumentary System Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and
sweat and oil glands.
Includes: hair, skin, and nails
Skeletal System Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to
support movement.
Blood cells are formed within bones.
Bones store minerals.
Includes: bones, joints
Muscular System Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression.
Maintains posture, and produces heat.
Includes: skeletal muscles
Nervous System As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external
changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Includes: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Anatomy and Physiology Structure and function of the body
Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy Study of large body structures visible to naked eye
(ex: Heart, lungs, kidneys).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy.
Regional Anatomy All the structures in particular region of the body are examined at the same time
(ex. Muscles, bones, blood vessels, and nerves, etc.).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy Body structure is studied system by system
(ex. When studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and
the blood vessels of the entire body).
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.
Subdivision of Gross Anatomy.
Microscopic Anatomy Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Subdivisions: Cytology - study of cells, Histology - study of tissues.
Developmental Anatomy Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.
Subdivision: Embryology - study of developmental changes before birth.
Renal Physiology Concerns kidney function and urine production.
Cardiovascular Pysiology Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels.
Neurophysiology Explains the workings of the nervous system.
The Principle of Complementarity of Structure and The relationship between a structure and its function.
Function (ex. Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard
mineral deposits.)
Chemical Level The simplest level of the structural hierarchy.
Atoms combine to form molecules.
Include: atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells.
, Cellular Level Cells are the smallest units of living things.
All cells share some common functions, but vary in size and shape, reflecting their
unique functions in the body.
Cells are made up of molecules
Organ Level Organ is a discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs
a specific function for the body.
At this level, extremely complex functions become possible.
Tissue Level Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Include:
Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissues
Organ System Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Include:
Cardiovascular, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic,
respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems
Organismal Level Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.
Integumentary System Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and
sweat and oil glands.
Includes: hair, skin, and nails
Skeletal System Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to
support movement.
Blood cells are formed within bones.
Bones store minerals.
Includes: bones, joints
Muscular System Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression.
Maintains posture, and produces heat.
Includes: skeletal muscles
Nervous System As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external
changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Includes: brain, spinal cord, nerves
