,What is cirrhosis? And what can cause ? Cause damage to liver cells ➡️inability to clear bilirubin ➡️yellowing of skin and
dark urine
Increase intrahepatic vascular resistance
Elevate portal pressure
Leads to portal hypertension
How many stages has hepatic encephalopathy and what Assess mental (neurological)status change & motor disturbances
the nurse should assess
There are 5 stages
What are the symptoms for each stage Stage 1
Normal LOC with period of lethargy
Impaired writing ✍️
Stage 2
Increased drowsiness
Confusion
Agitation
Asterixis
Fedora hepaticus
Constructional Apraxia
Stage 3
Stoporous
Confusion
Incoherent speech
Asterexis
Increased DTR
Rigid extremities
Stage4
Comatose
No response to painful stimuli; flaccid
, What is asterixis? In what stage do you see it ? flapping tremor of the hands
Stage 2
What is fetor hepaticus? What is it indicative of? And what which occurs when the liver is unable to properly filter toxins from the blood,
stage do you see it ? causing them to be released through breath due to their sulfurous compounds
Fetor Hepaticus:
This term refers to the distinct bad breath associated with liver disease, often
described as a musty or garlic-like odor.
Stage 2
What is constructional apraxia ? And what stage do you a neurological disorder that makes it difficult or impossible to build, assemble, or
see it ? draw objects, even if the person understands the task and has the physical ability
Stage 2
medications for encephalopathy. Lactulose
Removes ammonia via stool: 2-3 soft solos per day desirable
Antibiotics
Reduce ammonia - forming bacteria in colon
Metronidazole
Rifaximin
Neomycin
dark urine
Increase intrahepatic vascular resistance
Elevate portal pressure
Leads to portal hypertension
How many stages has hepatic encephalopathy and what Assess mental (neurological)status change & motor disturbances
the nurse should assess
There are 5 stages
What are the symptoms for each stage Stage 1
Normal LOC with period of lethargy
Impaired writing ✍️
Stage 2
Increased drowsiness
Confusion
Agitation
Asterixis
Fedora hepaticus
Constructional Apraxia
Stage 3
Stoporous
Confusion
Incoherent speech
Asterexis
Increased DTR
Rigid extremities
Stage4
Comatose
No response to painful stimuli; flaccid
, What is asterixis? In what stage do you see it ? flapping tremor of the hands
Stage 2
What is fetor hepaticus? What is it indicative of? And what which occurs when the liver is unable to properly filter toxins from the blood,
stage do you see it ? causing them to be released through breath due to their sulfurous compounds
Fetor Hepaticus:
This term refers to the distinct bad breath associated with liver disease, often
described as a musty or garlic-like odor.
Stage 2
What is constructional apraxia ? And what stage do you a neurological disorder that makes it difficult or impossible to build, assemble, or
see it ? draw objects, even if the person understands the task and has the physical ability
Stage 2
medications for encephalopathy. Lactulose
Removes ammonia via stool: 2-3 soft solos per day desirable
Antibiotics
Reduce ammonia - forming bacteria in colon
Metronidazole
Rifaximin
Neomycin
