BSC 2085: Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 2
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Matter anything that has mass and takes up space. solid, liquid, gas.
Energy the capacity to do work. measured by its effects on matter. (kinetic, potential)
Kinetic Energy energy of motion
Potential Energy stored energy
Forms of Energy chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant
Chemical Energy energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances
Electrical Energy results from the movement of charged particles
Mechanical Energy energy directly involved in moving matter
Radiant Energy Energy that travels in waves
Atomic Structure elements and atoms
Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Periodic Table 118 known elements. naturally occurring or synthetic
SPONCH Elements sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), hydrogen (H). 96%
human body weight
Atomic Symbol 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element
Atom each element is composed of the same type of atoms. atoms contain three
subatomic particles. the nucleus is the center of an atom
amu atomic mass unit
Proton found in the nucleus. + charge. 1 amu
Neutron found in the nucleus. no charge. 1 amu
Electron travels around the nucleus. - charge. 0 amu
Atomic Number the number of protons in an atom
Atomic Mass number of protons and neutrons
, Isotope atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
atoms of the same element that have extra neutrons -
Molecules combinations of two or more atoms
Compound combination of two or more different atoms
Mixture substances composed of two of more components physically intermixed
Solutions homogeneous mixtures of compounds that may be solid, liquid, or gas
Solvant the substance in which the solute dissolves. substance present in greatest
amounts
Solute the substance that is dissolved. substance present in least amounts
Mixture Types solutions, colloids, suspensions
Colliods emulsions; aka = heterogeneous mixtures.
concentration is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.
translucent or milky (Jell-O gelatin; cytoplasm of human cell)
Suspensions heterogeneous mixtures with large solutes that tend to settle out (sand and water,
human blood)
Three Types of Chemical Bonds ionic, covalent, hydrogen
Role of Electrons in Chemical Bonding bonds the join atoms together
Energy Shells the energy levels at which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom
1st Energy Level 2 electrons
2nd Energy Level 8 electrons
3rd Energy Level 18 electrons
Valence Shell outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in
the chemical reactions of that atom. 8
Octet Rule atoms want 8 valence electrons. most stable. will gain, lose, or share electrons.
hydrogen and helium are the only exceptions.
Ionic Bond electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Cation a positively charged ion
Anion a negatively charged ion
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Matter anything that has mass and takes up space. solid, liquid, gas.
Energy the capacity to do work. measured by its effects on matter. (kinetic, potential)
Kinetic Energy energy of motion
Potential Energy stored energy
Forms of Energy chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant
Chemical Energy energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances
Electrical Energy results from the movement of charged particles
Mechanical Energy energy directly involved in moving matter
Radiant Energy Energy that travels in waves
Atomic Structure elements and atoms
Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Periodic Table 118 known elements. naturally occurring or synthetic
SPONCH Elements sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), hydrogen (H). 96%
human body weight
Atomic Symbol 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element
Atom each element is composed of the same type of atoms. atoms contain three
subatomic particles. the nucleus is the center of an atom
amu atomic mass unit
Proton found in the nucleus. + charge. 1 amu
Neutron found in the nucleus. no charge. 1 amu
Electron travels around the nucleus. - charge. 0 amu
Atomic Number the number of protons in an atom
Atomic Mass number of protons and neutrons
, Isotope atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
atoms of the same element that have extra neutrons -
Molecules combinations of two or more atoms
Compound combination of two or more different atoms
Mixture substances composed of two of more components physically intermixed
Solutions homogeneous mixtures of compounds that may be solid, liquid, or gas
Solvant the substance in which the solute dissolves. substance present in greatest
amounts
Solute the substance that is dissolved. substance present in least amounts
Mixture Types solutions, colloids, suspensions
Colliods emulsions; aka = heterogeneous mixtures.
concentration is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.
translucent or milky (Jell-O gelatin; cytoplasm of human cell)
Suspensions heterogeneous mixtures with large solutes that tend to settle out (sand and water,
human blood)
Three Types of Chemical Bonds ionic, covalent, hydrogen
Role of Electrons in Chemical Bonding bonds the join atoms together
Energy Shells the energy levels at which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom
1st Energy Level 2 electrons
2nd Energy Level 8 electrons
3rd Energy Level 18 electrons
Valence Shell outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in
the chemical reactions of that atom. 8
Octet Rule atoms want 8 valence electrons. most stable. will gain, lose, or share electrons.
hydrogen and helium are the only exceptions.
Ionic Bond electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Cation a positively charged ion
Anion a negatively charged ion
