BSC2085- Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Nervous System includes all neural tissue in the body
Two kinds of cells of neural tissue neurons and neuroglia
Neurons Cells that send and receive signals; basic functional units of the nervous system
Neuroglia (glial cells) Cells that support and protect neurons
Organs of the Nervous System brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the spinal cord and brain; contains neural tissue, connective tissues,
and blood vessels
CNS Functions to process and coordinate: • Sensory data
• Motor commands
• Higher functions of brain
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS
PNS functions to: • Deliver sensory information to the CNS
• Carry motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
Peripheral nerves Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels
Peripheral nerves function Carry sensory information and motor commands in PNS
Cranial nerves connect to brain
Spinal nerves attach to spinal cord
Tract bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve bundle of axons in the PNS
Functional Divisions of the PNS Afferent division and efferent division; receptors and effectors
Afferent division (A)pproaches CNS; Carries sensory info from PNS sensory receptors to CNS
Efferent division (E)xits CNS; Carries motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
, Receptors of PNS Detect changes or respond to stimuli (internal/external); receptors can be found
on neurons and specialized cells; complex sensory organs
Effectors Respond to efferent signals coming from CNS; cells and organs are effectors
Two components of efferent division Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Somatic nervous system (SNS) Controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal muscle contractions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac
muscle, and glandular secretions
Two divisions of ANS Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division Stimulating effect
(fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic division Relaxing effect
Structure of neurons cell body (soma), dendrites, axon
Dendrites Short, branched; used to receive information
Axon Long, single; sends information away from the soma towards a target cell
Typical organelles/structures of cell body • Large nucleus and nucleolus
• Perikaryon (cytoplasm)
• Mitochondria
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes (produce NTs)
Neuron cytoskeleton neurofilaments, neurotubules, neurofibrils
Neurofilaments similar to intermediate filaments
Neurotubules similar to microtubules
Neurofibrils bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon
Nissl bodies Dense areas of RER and ribosomes; gray matter
Dendritic spines fine processes on each branch of dendrites; 80-90% neuron S.A.; receive info
from other neurons
Action potential electrical signals
Axon structure Axoplasm, axolemma, axon hillock, collaterals, telodendria, axon (synaptic)
terminals
Answers
Nervous System includes all neural tissue in the body
Two kinds of cells of neural tissue neurons and neuroglia
Neurons Cells that send and receive signals; basic functional units of the nervous system
Neuroglia (glial cells) Cells that support and protect neurons
Organs of the Nervous System brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the spinal cord and brain; contains neural tissue, connective tissues,
and blood vessels
CNS Functions to process and coordinate: • Sensory data
• Motor commands
• Higher functions of brain
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS
PNS functions to: • Deliver sensory information to the CNS
• Carry motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
Peripheral nerves Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels
Peripheral nerves function Carry sensory information and motor commands in PNS
Cranial nerves connect to brain
Spinal nerves attach to spinal cord
Tract bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve bundle of axons in the PNS
Functional Divisions of the PNS Afferent division and efferent division; receptors and effectors
Afferent division (A)pproaches CNS; Carries sensory info from PNS sensory receptors to CNS
Efferent division (E)xits CNS; Carries motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
, Receptors of PNS Detect changes or respond to stimuli (internal/external); receptors can be found
on neurons and specialized cells; complex sensory organs
Effectors Respond to efferent signals coming from CNS; cells and organs are effectors
Two components of efferent division Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Somatic nervous system (SNS) Controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal muscle contractions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac
muscle, and glandular secretions
Two divisions of ANS Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division Stimulating effect
(fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic division Relaxing effect
Structure of neurons cell body (soma), dendrites, axon
Dendrites Short, branched; used to receive information
Axon Long, single; sends information away from the soma towards a target cell
Typical organelles/structures of cell body • Large nucleus and nucleolus
• Perikaryon (cytoplasm)
• Mitochondria
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes (produce NTs)
Neuron cytoskeleton neurofilaments, neurotubules, neurofibrils
Neurofilaments similar to intermediate filaments
Neurotubules similar to microtubules
Neurofibrils bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon
Nissl bodies Dense areas of RER and ribosomes; gray matter
Dendritic spines fine processes on each branch of dendrites; 80-90% neuron S.A.; receive info
from other neurons
Action potential electrical signals
Axon structure Axoplasm, axolemma, axon hillock, collaterals, telodendria, axon (synaptic)
terminals
