BIOD 121: Module 1-6 Exam/ BIOD 121: Comprehensive Final
Review (Portage Learning Questions and Answers 2026)
BIOD 121: Module 1 Nutrition Fundamentals Test Bank
1. Which of the following is the scientific definition of "Nutrition"?
A. The study of weight loss and dieting
B. The science that links food to health and disease
C. The process of cooking food for taste
D. The study of herbal supplements
Answer: B
Rationale: Nutrition is a broad science encompassing the processes by which the
human organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and utilizes food substances.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients?
A. Alcohol
B. Carbohydrates
C. Minerals
D. Water
Answer: A
Rationale: While alcohol provides calories (7 kcal/g), it is not considered a nutrient
because it does not provide a specific function necessary for body maintenance or
growth.
3. "Macronutrients" are nutrients that:
A. Provide no energy
B. Are needed in very small amounts (milligrams)
C. Are needed in large amounts (grams) and provide energy
D. Only include vitamins and minerals
Answer: C
Rationale: Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids; the body requires
them in large quantities to provide the fuel necessary for life.
4. How many kilocalories (kcal) per gram do Carbohydrates provide?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 7 kcal/g
C. 9 kcal/g
,D. 0 kcal/g
Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates are a primary energy source providing 4 calories for every
gram consumed.
5. How many kilocalories (kcal) per gram do Lipids (Fats) provide?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 7 kcal/g
C. 9 kcal/g
D. 2 kcal/g
Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids are the most energy-dense nutrient, providing 9 calories per gram.
6. Proteins provide _____ kcal per gram.
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 0
Answer: A
Rationale: Like carbohydrates, proteins provide 4 kcal/g, though their primary role is
structural rather than purely for energy.
7. A "Kilocalorie" (kcal) is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of:
A. 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
B. 1000 grams (1 liter) of water by 1 degree Celsius
C. 1 pound of water by 10 degrees
D. 1 gram of fat to its melting point
Answer: B
Rationale: In nutrition, the term "Calorie" used on food labels actually refers to a
kilocalorie.
8. Which of the following is a "Micronutrient"?
A. Protein
B. Water
C. Vitamin C
D. Fiber
Answer: C
Rationale: Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals; they are essential for health but
needed in much smaller amounts than macronutrients.
,9. What is the primary difference between "Hunger" and "Appetite"?
A. Hunger is psychological; Appetite is physical
B. Hunger is the physical drive to eat; Appetite is the psychological desire to eat
C. There is no difference
D. Hunger only occurs in the morning
Answer: B
Rationale: Hunger is an internal, physiological drive, while appetite is often triggered by
external cues like smell, sight, or social settings.
10. "Satiety" is best defined as:
A. The feeling of extreme hunger
B. The state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
C. The process of chewing food
D. A vitamin deficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Satiety is the opposite of hunger; it is the feeling of fullness that tells the brain
to stop eating.
11. Which organ is the primary regulator of satiety and hunger signals?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Hypothalamus
D. Small Intestine
Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus in the brain receives signals from the GI tract and
hormones to regulate food intake.
12. If a snack contains 10g of Carbohydrates, 5g of Fat, and 2g of Protein, how
many total calories does it have?
A. 68 kcal
B. 93 kcal
C. 120 kcal
D. 153 kcal
Answer: B
Rationale: (10g x 4) + (5g x 9) + (2g x 4) = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93 kcal.
13. Which of the following is considered an "Inorganic" nutrient?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Minerals
, D. Vitamins
Answer: C
Rationale: Inorganic nutrients do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Minerals (like iron
or calcium) and water are inorganic.
14. Vitamins are categorized into which two groups?
A. Macronutrients and Micronutrients
B. Fat-soluble and Water-soluble
C. Organic and Inorganic
D. Simple and Complex
Answer: B
Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are stored in the body, while water-soluble
vitamins (B, C) are generally excreted if consumed in excess.
15. What is the main function of "Vitamins" in the body?
A. To provide direct energy (calories)
B. To act as catalysts for chemical reactions and support metabolism
C. To build muscle tissue
D. To provide structure to bones
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamins do not contain calories; they are co-factors that help the body
release energy from macronutrients.
16. Which nutrient makes up roughly 60% of the human body?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Water
D. Carbohydrate
Answer: C
Rationale: Water is the most essential nutrient and provides the medium for all chemical
reactions in the body.
17. "Essential Nutrients" are those that:
A. The body can make on its own
B. Must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make them or make enough
of them
C. Are only found in organic vegetables
D. Provide at least 10 kcal/g
Answer: B
Rationale: If an essential nutrient is missing from the diet, health will decline.
Review (Portage Learning Questions and Answers 2026)
BIOD 121: Module 1 Nutrition Fundamentals Test Bank
1. Which of the following is the scientific definition of "Nutrition"?
A. The study of weight loss and dieting
B. The science that links food to health and disease
C. The process of cooking food for taste
D. The study of herbal supplements
Answer: B
Rationale: Nutrition is a broad science encompassing the processes by which the
human organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and utilizes food substances.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients?
A. Alcohol
B. Carbohydrates
C. Minerals
D. Water
Answer: A
Rationale: While alcohol provides calories (7 kcal/g), it is not considered a nutrient
because it does not provide a specific function necessary for body maintenance or
growth.
3. "Macronutrients" are nutrients that:
A. Provide no energy
B. Are needed in very small amounts (milligrams)
C. Are needed in large amounts (grams) and provide energy
D. Only include vitamins and minerals
Answer: C
Rationale: Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids; the body requires
them in large quantities to provide the fuel necessary for life.
4. How many kilocalories (kcal) per gram do Carbohydrates provide?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 7 kcal/g
C. 9 kcal/g
,D. 0 kcal/g
Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates are a primary energy source providing 4 calories for every
gram consumed.
5. How many kilocalories (kcal) per gram do Lipids (Fats) provide?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 7 kcal/g
C. 9 kcal/g
D. 2 kcal/g
Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids are the most energy-dense nutrient, providing 9 calories per gram.
6. Proteins provide _____ kcal per gram.
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 0
Answer: A
Rationale: Like carbohydrates, proteins provide 4 kcal/g, though their primary role is
structural rather than purely for energy.
7. A "Kilocalorie" (kcal) is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of:
A. 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
B. 1000 grams (1 liter) of water by 1 degree Celsius
C. 1 pound of water by 10 degrees
D. 1 gram of fat to its melting point
Answer: B
Rationale: In nutrition, the term "Calorie" used on food labels actually refers to a
kilocalorie.
8. Which of the following is a "Micronutrient"?
A. Protein
B. Water
C. Vitamin C
D. Fiber
Answer: C
Rationale: Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals; they are essential for health but
needed in much smaller amounts than macronutrients.
,9. What is the primary difference between "Hunger" and "Appetite"?
A. Hunger is psychological; Appetite is physical
B. Hunger is the physical drive to eat; Appetite is the psychological desire to eat
C. There is no difference
D. Hunger only occurs in the morning
Answer: B
Rationale: Hunger is an internal, physiological drive, while appetite is often triggered by
external cues like smell, sight, or social settings.
10. "Satiety" is best defined as:
A. The feeling of extreme hunger
B. The state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
C. The process of chewing food
D. A vitamin deficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Satiety is the opposite of hunger; it is the feeling of fullness that tells the brain
to stop eating.
11. Which organ is the primary regulator of satiety and hunger signals?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Hypothalamus
D. Small Intestine
Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus in the brain receives signals from the GI tract and
hormones to regulate food intake.
12. If a snack contains 10g of Carbohydrates, 5g of Fat, and 2g of Protein, how
many total calories does it have?
A. 68 kcal
B. 93 kcal
C. 120 kcal
D. 153 kcal
Answer: B
Rationale: (10g x 4) + (5g x 9) + (2g x 4) = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93 kcal.
13. Which of the following is considered an "Inorganic" nutrient?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Minerals
, D. Vitamins
Answer: C
Rationale: Inorganic nutrients do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Minerals (like iron
or calcium) and water are inorganic.
14. Vitamins are categorized into which two groups?
A. Macronutrients and Micronutrients
B. Fat-soluble and Water-soluble
C. Organic and Inorganic
D. Simple and Complex
Answer: B
Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are stored in the body, while water-soluble
vitamins (B, C) are generally excreted if consumed in excess.
15. What is the main function of "Vitamins" in the body?
A. To provide direct energy (calories)
B. To act as catalysts for chemical reactions and support metabolism
C. To build muscle tissue
D. To provide structure to bones
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamins do not contain calories; they are co-factors that help the body
release energy from macronutrients.
16. Which nutrient makes up roughly 60% of the human body?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Water
D. Carbohydrate
Answer: C
Rationale: Water is the most essential nutrient and provides the medium for all chemical
reactions in the body.
17. "Essential Nutrients" are those that:
A. The body can make on its own
B. Must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make them or make enough
of them
C. Are only found in organic vegetables
D. Provide at least 10 kcal/g
Answer: B
Rationale: If an essential nutrient is missing from the diet, health will decline.
