NURS 330 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
sources of nutrition nutrients absorbed in the diet determine, to a large degree , the health of the
body
deficiencies or excesses can contribute to a poor state of health
essential nutrients are those that the body cannot manufacture
6 types of nutrients carbohydrates (starches and sugars)
fats (saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated)
proteins (amino acids)
vitamins (fat soluble and water soluble)
minerals (catalysts for biochemical reactions)
water (cells depend on a fluid environment)
1 food calories = 1 kilocalorie=1000 calories
used to measure amount of energy in food
,carbohydrates simple: different forms of sugar, which are easy for the body to process, fructose,
glucose which are in fruits and vegetables, sucrose (refined sugar), lactose (milk)
glucose that is not needed immediately is converted by the body to glycogen
starches are complex carbohydrates that are made up of many units of glucose,
or other sugars which form long chains
dietary fiber
complex carbohydrate which comes from nondigestible parts of plants
proteins substances found in every cell, body needs proteins to build and repair all body
tissues
important part of blood cells, made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen atoms that are formed into basic units called amino acids
there are 20 different amino acids, 9 of them are essential and the other 11 amino
acids can be produced by the body
fats small daily intake of fat is required
one gram of fat provides more than twice as much energy as one gram of
carbohydrate
part of many body tissues and are important as carriers of other nutrients such as
vitamins
diet high in saturated fats can lead to an increased chance of heart and blood
vessel disease, obesity and some types of cancer
fiber categorized as carbohydrate
found in plant foods that is indigestible (cellulose)
important for bowel elimination by adding bulk to the stool and stimulation of
peristalsis to ease elimination
25g/day for women
35g/day for men
chloesterol eating foods high in fats, especially saturated fats may increase the level of
cholesterol, a waxy fat-like substance produced by the body
part of cell membranes and nerve tissues, used by body to form vitamin D and
other hormones, found only in foods that come from animals such as butter, eggs,
meats.
NOT AN essential nutrient because the body produces cholesterol in liver
too much increases risk of heart disease
, water accounts for between 50-60% of adults total weight
two thirds of body water is contained within the cells intracellular fluid
remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids (plasma, interstitial fluid)
provides fluid medium necessary for all chemical reactions in teh body
acts as a solvent and aids digestion, absorption, circulation and excretion
fat soluble vitamins dissolve fat and can be stored in the body
vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K
vitamin A orange, yellow, green vegetables, liver, margarine, egg yolk
maintains healthy eyes, skin, bone growth and tooth development, possible aid in
cancer protection
signs of toxicity: nausea, vomiting, dry skin, rashes, hair loss, headache, fatigue
signs of deficiency: night blindness, eye infections, rough skin, respiratory
infections
vitamin D milk, eggs, liver, exposure of skin to sun's ultraviolent rays
promotes absorption of phosphorus and calcium to build and maintain bones
signs of toxicity: loss of appetite, headache, nausea, weakness, calcification of
bone and soft tissue
signs of deficiency: rickets (poor bone development) malformation of teeth
vitamin E wheat germ, whole grains, vegetable oils, legumes, nuts, dark green leafy
vegetables
protects red blood cells, stabilizes cell membranes
signs of toxicity: general digestive discomfort
signs of deficiency: rupture of red blood cells, anemia, nerve abnormalities
vitamin k green leafy vegetables, liver, kale, cabbage, made in body by intestinal bacterial
assists in normal clotting of blood
signs of toxicity: anemia
signs of deficiency: slow clotting of blood, hemorrhage especially in newborns
Answers
sources of nutrition nutrients absorbed in the diet determine, to a large degree , the health of the
body
deficiencies or excesses can contribute to a poor state of health
essential nutrients are those that the body cannot manufacture
6 types of nutrients carbohydrates (starches and sugars)
fats (saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated)
proteins (amino acids)
vitamins (fat soluble and water soluble)
minerals (catalysts for biochemical reactions)
water (cells depend on a fluid environment)
1 food calories = 1 kilocalorie=1000 calories
used to measure amount of energy in food
,carbohydrates simple: different forms of sugar, which are easy for the body to process, fructose,
glucose which are in fruits and vegetables, sucrose (refined sugar), lactose (milk)
glucose that is not needed immediately is converted by the body to glycogen
starches are complex carbohydrates that are made up of many units of glucose,
or other sugars which form long chains
dietary fiber
complex carbohydrate which comes from nondigestible parts of plants
proteins substances found in every cell, body needs proteins to build and repair all body
tissues
important part of blood cells, made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen atoms that are formed into basic units called amino acids
there are 20 different amino acids, 9 of them are essential and the other 11 amino
acids can be produced by the body
fats small daily intake of fat is required
one gram of fat provides more than twice as much energy as one gram of
carbohydrate
part of many body tissues and are important as carriers of other nutrients such as
vitamins
diet high in saturated fats can lead to an increased chance of heart and blood
vessel disease, obesity and some types of cancer
fiber categorized as carbohydrate
found in plant foods that is indigestible (cellulose)
important for bowel elimination by adding bulk to the stool and stimulation of
peristalsis to ease elimination
25g/day for women
35g/day for men
chloesterol eating foods high in fats, especially saturated fats may increase the level of
cholesterol, a waxy fat-like substance produced by the body
part of cell membranes and nerve tissues, used by body to form vitamin D and
other hormones, found only in foods that come from animals such as butter, eggs,
meats.
NOT AN essential nutrient because the body produces cholesterol in liver
too much increases risk of heart disease
, water accounts for between 50-60% of adults total weight
two thirds of body water is contained within the cells intracellular fluid
remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids (plasma, interstitial fluid)
provides fluid medium necessary for all chemical reactions in teh body
acts as a solvent and aids digestion, absorption, circulation and excretion
fat soluble vitamins dissolve fat and can be stored in the body
vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K
vitamin A orange, yellow, green vegetables, liver, margarine, egg yolk
maintains healthy eyes, skin, bone growth and tooth development, possible aid in
cancer protection
signs of toxicity: nausea, vomiting, dry skin, rashes, hair loss, headache, fatigue
signs of deficiency: night blindness, eye infections, rough skin, respiratory
infections
vitamin D milk, eggs, liver, exposure of skin to sun's ultraviolent rays
promotes absorption of phosphorus and calcium to build and maintain bones
signs of toxicity: loss of appetite, headache, nausea, weakness, calcification of
bone and soft tissue
signs of deficiency: rickets (poor bone development) malformation of teeth
vitamin E wheat germ, whole grains, vegetable oils, legumes, nuts, dark green leafy
vegetables
protects red blood cells, stabilizes cell membranes
signs of toxicity: general digestive discomfort
signs of deficiency: rupture of red blood cells, anemia, nerve abnormalities
vitamin k green leafy vegetables, liver, kale, cabbage, made in body by intestinal bacterial
assists in normal clotting of blood
signs of toxicity: anemia
signs of deficiency: slow clotting of blood, hemorrhage especially in newborns
