NURS 328 - Quiz #1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
evidence-based practice clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical
expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
disciplined research best method of acquiring reliable knowledge; evidence-based findings
paradigm world view or general perspective of the world's complexities
Positivist Paradigm - reality exists
- research is independent from those researched
- values and biases are to be held in check
- one right answer
- most likely to be allied with quantitative research
constructivist paradigm - reality is multiple and subjective
- researcher interacts with those being researched
- subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
- most likely to be allied with qualitative research
Archie Cochrane - developed Cochrane Collaboration
- Called for efforts to make research summaries about interventions available to
health care providers
David Sackett developed a learning strategy called evidence based medicine which has
broadened to the use of best evidence by all health care practitioners
evidence heirarchy - ranks evidence sources according to the strength of evidence they provide
systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) - pinnacle of the evidence hierarchies
- considered "gold standard"
3 barriers to EBP 1) quality and nature of research
2) characteristics of nurses
3) organizational factors
pre-appraised evidence has been selected from primary studies and evaluated for use by clinicians
systematic review integrate evidence about a topic in a rigorous, systematic way
meta-analysis technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically
Meta-synthesis A synthesis of a number of qualitative articles on a focused topic using specific
qualitative methodology.
care bundles and clinical practice guidelines give specific recommendations for evidence-based decision making
, appraisal of guidelines research and evaluation has ratings for 23 dimensions within 6 domains
Diffusion of Innovation Theory looking at how change happens, some people might be resistant to change and it
might take time for clinical knowledge to become common knowledge in practice
Stetler Model step-by-step instructions for integrating research into practice
Iowa Model evidence-based practice to promote quality care
PIO - P: population/patients (what are the characteristics of the patient or people?)
- I: intervention (what are the interventions or therapies of interest? or what are
the potentially harmful influences/exposures of concern?)
- O: outcome
- may add T (time), C (comparison), or S (setting)
Knowledge-focused triggers Begins with an innovation or research finding (e.g., might emerge in a journal club)
problem-focused triggers Begins with a perplexing or troubling clinical situation
transferability can this be transferred to a clinical setting?
feasibility is this possible to carry out?
cost benefit ratio how expensive will this be to carry out?
journal club A formally organized group that meets periodically to share and critique
contemporary research in nursing, with a goal of both learning about the research
process and finding evidence for practice.
informal observation observation that isn't deliberate or formal
selective observation noticing only the pattern that she wanted to find at the time
overgeneralization assuming that broad patterns exist based in very limited observations
authority a socially defined sources of knowledge that might shape our beliefs about what
is true and what is not
research methods An organized, logical way of learning and knowing about our social world.
ontology the study of being
Epistemology study of knowledge
subject study or participant people being studies or cooperating in study
participants being studied in a qualitative study are called study participants, informants, or key informants
CORRECT Answers
evidence-based practice clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical
expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
disciplined research best method of acquiring reliable knowledge; evidence-based findings
paradigm world view or general perspective of the world's complexities
Positivist Paradigm - reality exists
- research is independent from those researched
- values and biases are to be held in check
- one right answer
- most likely to be allied with quantitative research
constructivist paradigm - reality is multiple and subjective
- researcher interacts with those being researched
- subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
- most likely to be allied with qualitative research
Archie Cochrane - developed Cochrane Collaboration
- Called for efforts to make research summaries about interventions available to
health care providers
David Sackett developed a learning strategy called evidence based medicine which has
broadened to the use of best evidence by all health care practitioners
evidence heirarchy - ranks evidence sources according to the strength of evidence they provide
systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) - pinnacle of the evidence hierarchies
- considered "gold standard"
3 barriers to EBP 1) quality and nature of research
2) characteristics of nurses
3) organizational factors
pre-appraised evidence has been selected from primary studies and evaluated for use by clinicians
systematic review integrate evidence about a topic in a rigorous, systematic way
meta-analysis technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically
Meta-synthesis A synthesis of a number of qualitative articles on a focused topic using specific
qualitative methodology.
care bundles and clinical practice guidelines give specific recommendations for evidence-based decision making
, appraisal of guidelines research and evaluation has ratings for 23 dimensions within 6 domains
Diffusion of Innovation Theory looking at how change happens, some people might be resistant to change and it
might take time for clinical knowledge to become common knowledge in practice
Stetler Model step-by-step instructions for integrating research into practice
Iowa Model evidence-based practice to promote quality care
PIO - P: population/patients (what are the characteristics of the patient or people?)
- I: intervention (what are the interventions or therapies of interest? or what are
the potentially harmful influences/exposures of concern?)
- O: outcome
- may add T (time), C (comparison), or S (setting)
Knowledge-focused triggers Begins with an innovation or research finding (e.g., might emerge in a journal club)
problem-focused triggers Begins with a perplexing or troubling clinical situation
transferability can this be transferred to a clinical setting?
feasibility is this possible to carry out?
cost benefit ratio how expensive will this be to carry out?
journal club A formally organized group that meets periodically to share and critique
contemporary research in nursing, with a goal of both learning about the research
process and finding evidence for practice.
informal observation observation that isn't deliberate or formal
selective observation noticing only the pattern that she wanted to find at the time
overgeneralization assuming that broad patterns exist based in very limited observations
authority a socially defined sources of knowledge that might shape our beliefs about what
is true and what is not
research methods An organized, logical way of learning and knowing about our social world.
ontology the study of being
Epistemology study of knowledge
subject study or participant people being studies or cooperating in study
participants being studied in a qualitative study are called study participants, informants, or key informants
