BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR EXAMPREP
MASTER STUDY PAPER WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND GUARANTEED PASS
CONCEPTS
‣ Somatic nervous system . Answer: Part of PNS; associated with
voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
‣ Autonomic nervous system . Answer: Part of PNS; associated with
involuntary movements that may regulate body processes such as
breathing; sympathetic (fight or flight) & parasympathetic (calming,
relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and parasympathetic near
spinal cord
‣ Peripheral nervous system . Answer: nerves and sensory organs
beyond brain & spinal cord
‣ Central nervous system . Answer: brain & spinal cord
‣ Basal Ganglia . Answer: group of neurons; involved in control of
movement; subcortical in forebrain below corpus callosum; injured in
those with Parkinsons
‣ Nucleus . Answer: center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and
nucleolus
,‣ Dura mater . Answer: closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
‣ Arachnoid membrane . Answer: middle layer, web-like and spongy
‣ Pia mater . Answer: innermost layer, closely attached to brain and
spinal cord; contains smaller surface blood vessels of brain and spinal
cord
‣ Subarachnoid space . Answer: between arachnoid membrane and pia
mater; filled with cerebrospinal fluid
‣ Cranial nerves . Answer: 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or
brainstem; used to bring information directly from sensory organs
(afferent) or to muscles (efferent); sensory and motor functions of the
head and neck region
‣ Sodium/Potassium pump . Answer: used to maintain axon at resting
potential; keeping Na+ out and K+ in
‣ Glial cells . Answer: support cells for neurons; include astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia, Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
‣ Astrocytes . Answer: star shaped; physical support and clean up debris
inside brain via phagocytosis; regulates chemical composition of fluid
around neurons by providing nutrients from bloodstream
, ‣ Oligodendrocytes . Answer: produces myelin sheath
‣ Microglia . Answer: smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain;
phagocytes, protect from invading microorganisms; active only when
there is brain damage and leaves behind scar tissue
‣ Radial glia . Answer: prenatal, brain development; used to guide
neurons to where they will eventually develop
‣ Schwann cells . Answer: produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate
growth of neuron!! - diff than oligodendrocyte
‣ Induction . Answer: response to growth factors that induces ectoderm
to eventually form the neural plate of which the neural tube and CNS
form
‣ Migration . Answer: radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct
location; layers of cortex start forming from inside, meaning that each
new neuron must past through previously developed neural cells
‣ Neural crest . Answer: group of cells derived from neural plate crest
(above the tube) that separate away after neural tube is complete;
contribute to formation of PNS & glial cells
MASTER STUDY PAPER WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND GUARANTEED PASS
CONCEPTS
‣ Somatic nervous system . Answer: Part of PNS; associated with
voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
‣ Autonomic nervous system . Answer: Part of PNS; associated with
involuntary movements that may regulate body processes such as
breathing; sympathetic (fight or flight) & parasympathetic (calming,
relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and parasympathetic near
spinal cord
‣ Peripheral nervous system . Answer: nerves and sensory organs
beyond brain & spinal cord
‣ Central nervous system . Answer: brain & spinal cord
‣ Basal Ganglia . Answer: group of neurons; involved in control of
movement; subcortical in forebrain below corpus callosum; injured in
those with Parkinsons
‣ Nucleus . Answer: center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and
nucleolus
,‣ Dura mater . Answer: closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
‣ Arachnoid membrane . Answer: middle layer, web-like and spongy
‣ Pia mater . Answer: innermost layer, closely attached to brain and
spinal cord; contains smaller surface blood vessels of brain and spinal
cord
‣ Subarachnoid space . Answer: between arachnoid membrane and pia
mater; filled with cerebrospinal fluid
‣ Cranial nerves . Answer: 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or
brainstem; used to bring information directly from sensory organs
(afferent) or to muscles (efferent); sensory and motor functions of the
head and neck region
‣ Sodium/Potassium pump . Answer: used to maintain axon at resting
potential; keeping Na+ out and K+ in
‣ Glial cells . Answer: support cells for neurons; include astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia, Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
‣ Astrocytes . Answer: star shaped; physical support and clean up debris
inside brain via phagocytosis; regulates chemical composition of fluid
around neurons by providing nutrients from bloodstream
, ‣ Oligodendrocytes . Answer: produces myelin sheath
‣ Microglia . Answer: smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain;
phagocytes, protect from invading microorganisms; active only when
there is brain damage and leaves behind scar tissue
‣ Radial glia . Answer: prenatal, brain development; used to guide
neurons to where they will eventually develop
‣ Schwann cells . Answer: produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate
growth of neuron!! - diff than oligodendrocyte
‣ Induction . Answer: response to growth factors that induces ectoderm
to eventually form the neural plate of which the neural tube and CNS
form
‣ Migration . Answer: radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct
location; layers of cortex start forming from inside, meaning that each
new neuron must past through previously developed neural cells
‣ Neural crest . Answer: group of cells derived from neural plate crest
(above the tube) that separate away after neural tube is complete;
contribute to formation of PNS & glial cells
