ESOL GACE Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Sociolinguistics - -The study of how social Morphology - -How te words of a language are
conditions influence the use of language formed to create meaningful messages
Code Switching - -Interspersing one language Morpheme - -Smallest unit of a language
with another system that has meaning
Dialect - -Complete system of verbal Syntax - -Order words are arranged to create
communication (oral or signed, not written) with its meaning
own pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar; often
associated with regions or social groups
Standardizer - -One who successfully
integrates new knowledge
Pragmatics - -The study of how the context
impacts the interpretation of language
Simplifier - -Reverts to syntactical rules of
earlier stages (requires a reteach)
Phonology - -The way in which speech sounds
form patterns
Semantics - -The meaning of words
Phonemes - -The smallest unit of sound that
affects meaning DIscourse - -linguistic components of several
sentences
Phonographemics - -Study of letters and letter
combinations BICS - -Basic Interpersonal Communication
Skills
Homonyms - -General term for word forms that
have two or more meanings CALP - -Cognitive Academic Language
Proficiency
Homophones - -Two words with the same
pronunciation, but different meaning and spelling CUP - -Common Underlying Proficiency (skills
(wood/would, cite/sight) that can transfer from L1 to English learning
Homographs - -Two words with the same LAD - -Language Acquisition Device
spelling or pronunciation, but different meanings
(stalk-to follow, stalk-part of a plant)
Chomsky - -Language Acquisition Device
Heteronyms - -Two words that have the same
spelling, but different pronunciation and meanings Language Acquisition Device - -innate, nature,
(Polish, polish) experience using language activates
1/5
, ESOL GACE Test Questions and Answers Rated A
structures are logical and follow a natural order
Behaviorist Theory - -Children learn by being
rewarded
The Input Hypothesis - -Comprehensible Input
(learning best when instruction is just above ability)
Piaget - -Cognitive Constructivism
The Affective Filter Hypothesis - -People learn
Cognitive Constructivism - -Language as best when relaxed, motivated and self-confident
reflection of thought, does not contribute to
development of thinking, cognitive thinking precedes
language development Steps of learning - -1) Silent period, 2) Private
speech, 3) Lexical chunks, 4) Formulaic speech, and
5) Experimental or simplified speech
Vygotsky - -Social Constructivism and
Language
PRAC - -Practicing, receiving/sending
messages, analyzing and reasoning, and creating
Social Constructivism and Language - - structure
Language first as social communication, promotes
language and cognition
Critical Period Hypothesis - -First ten years
best for SLA
Intentionality - -Language part of holistic
development, depends on environment
Cultural relativism - -Beliefs and
understandings should be understood in the context
Error analysis - -Recognizing patterns of error of society
Interlanguage - -Universal aspects of target Cultural universalism - -elements, patterns,
language traits or institutions that are comon to all human
cultures
Development patterns - -The order in which
features of a language are acquired and sequenced Assimilation - -process of integration
The Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis - - Acculturation - -Becoming accustomed to
Difference between acquisition and learning customs, languages, practices, environment of a new
(coursework, study, memorization) culture or group
The Monitor Hypothesis - -Learned language Transculturation - -Acculturation for an
monitors the acquired individual
The Natural Order Hypothesis - -Grammar Accommodation - -Motivations underlying
adapting our language and communication patterns
2/5
Sociolinguistics - -The study of how social Morphology - -How te words of a language are
conditions influence the use of language formed to create meaningful messages
Code Switching - -Interspersing one language Morpheme - -Smallest unit of a language
with another system that has meaning
Dialect - -Complete system of verbal Syntax - -Order words are arranged to create
communication (oral or signed, not written) with its meaning
own pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar; often
associated with regions or social groups
Standardizer - -One who successfully
integrates new knowledge
Pragmatics - -The study of how the context
impacts the interpretation of language
Simplifier - -Reverts to syntactical rules of
earlier stages (requires a reteach)
Phonology - -The way in which speech sounds
form patterns
Semantics - -The meaning of words
Phonemes - -The smallest unit of sound that
affects meaning DIscourse - -linguistic components of several
sentences
Phonographemics - -Study of letters and letter
combinations BICS - -Basic Interpersonal Communication
Skills
Homonyms - -General term for word forms that
have two or more meanings CALP - -Cognitive Academic Language
Proficiency
Homophones - -Two words with the same
pronunciation, but different meaning and spelling CUP - -Common Underlying Proficiency (skills
(wood/would, cite/sight) that can transfer from L1 to English learning
Homographs - -Two words with the same LAD - -Language Acquisition Device
spelling or pronunciation, but different meanings
(stalk-to follow, stalk-part of a plant)
Chomsky - -Language Acquisition Device
Heteronyms - -Two words that have the same
spelling, but different pronunciation and meanings Language Acquisition Device - -innate, nature,
(Polish, polish) experience using language activates
1/5
, ESOL GACE Test Questions and Answers Rated A
structures are logical and follow a natural order
Behaviorist Theory - -Children learn by being
rewarded
The Input Hypothesis - -Comprehensible Input
(learning best when instruction is just above ability)
Piaget - -Cognitive Constructivism
The Affective Filter Hypothesis - -People learn
Cognitive Constructivism - -Language as best when relaxed, motivated and self-confident
reflection of thought, does not contribute to
development of thinking, cognitive thinking precedes
language development Steps of learning - -1) Silent period, 2) Private
speech, 3) Lexical chunks, 4) Formulaic speech, and
5) Experimental or simplified speech
Vygotsky - -Social Constructivism and
Language
PRAC - -Practicing, receiving/sending
messages, analyzing and reasoning, and creating
Social Constructivism and Language - - structure
Language first as social communication, promotes
language and cognition
Critical Period Hypothesis - -First ten years
best for SLA
Intentionality - -Language part of holistic
development, depends on environment
Cultural relativism - -Beliefs and
understandings should be understood in the context
Error analysis - -Recognizing patterns of error of society
Interlanguage - -Universal aspects of target Cultural universalism - -elements, patterns,
language traits or institutions that are comon to all human
cultures
Development patterns - -The order in which
features of a language are acquired and sequenced Assimilation - -process of integration
The Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis - - Acculturation - -Becoming accustomed to
Difference between acquisition and learning customs, languages, practices, environment of a new
(coursework, study, memorization) culture or group
The Monitor Hypothesis - -Learned language Transculturation - -Acculturation for an
monitors the acquired individual
The Natural Order Hypothesis - -Grammar Accommodation - -Motivations underlying
adapting our language and communication patterns
2/5
