SDSU BA 350 FINAL EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Learning
Answer: defined as permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience
>> Decision Making
Answer: the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem
>> Types of Knowledge
Answer: Explicit - easy to communicate and teach
>> Reinforcement
Answer: people learn by observing the link between voluntary behavior and the consequences that
follow it
>> Positive reinforcement
Answer: positive outcome follows a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will
appear again
>> Negative reniforcement
Answer: unwanted outcome is remove following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the
behavior will appear again
>> Punishment
Answer: unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior, decreasing the likelihood that the behavior
will appear again
>> Extinction
Answer: - no consequence (either positive or negative) to a behavior, which decreases the likelihood
that the behavior will appear again
>> Continuous reinforcement
Answer: specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior
>> Fixed interval schedule
Answer: workers rewarded after a certain amount of time, and time between reinforcement stays the
same
>> Variable interval schedule
Answer: workers rewarded after a certain amount of time, and time between reinforcement varies
, >> Fixed ratio schedule
Answer: behaviors reinforced after certain number of them have been exhibited
>> Variable ratio schedule
Answer: people are rewarded after a varying number of exhibited behaviors. lead to higher performance
but are not always appropriate.
>> How do employees learn?
Answer: Reinforcement, Observation
>> Social learning theory
Answer: people in organizations learn by watching others
>> Behavioral modeling (four steps)
Answer: involves observing the actions of others, learning from what is observed, and then repeating
the observed behavior
>> 1. Attentional processes
Answer: learner must notice critical behaviors
>> 2. Retention processes
Answer: learner must remember critical behaviors
>> 3. Production processes
Answer: learner must reproduce critical behaviors
>> 4. Reinforcement processes
Answer: learner must be rewarded for exhibiting critical behaviors
>> Goal Orientations
Answer: affect learning behaviors and outcomes
>> Learning Orientation
Answer: building competence is seen as more important than demonstrating competence
>> Decision making
Answer: the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
>> Programmed Decisions
Answer: decisions that become somewhat automatic because a person's knowledge allows him or her
to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken. (often made using
intuition.)
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Learning
Answer: defined as permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience
>> Decision Making
Answer: the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem
>> Types of Knowledge
Answer: Explicit - easy to communicate and teach
>> Reinforcement
Answer: people learn by observing the link between voluntary behavior and the consequences that
follow it
>> Positive reinforcement
Answer: positive outcome follows a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will
appear again
>> Negative reniforcement
Answer: unwanted outcome is remove following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the
behavior will appear again
>> Punishment
Answer: unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior, decreasing the likelihood that the behavior
will appear again
>> Extinction
Answer: - no consequence (either positive or negative) to a behavior, which decreases the likelihood
that the behavior will appear again
>> Continuous reinforcement
Answer: specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior
>> Fixed interval schedule
Answer: workers rewarded after a certain amount of time, and time between reinforcement stays the
same
>> Variable interval schedule
Answer: workers rewarded after a certain amount of time, and time between reinforcement varies
, >> Fixed ratio schedule
Answer: behaviors reinforced after certain number of them have been exhibited
>> Variable ratio schedule
Answer: people are rewarded after a varying number of exhibited behaviors. lead to higher performance
but are not always appropriate.
>> How do employees learn?
Answer: Reinforcement, Observation
>> Social learning theory
Answer: people in organizations learn by watching others
>> Behavioral modeling (four steps)
Answer: involves observing the actions of others, learning from what is observed, and then repeating
the observed behavior
>> 1. Attentional processes
Answer: learner must notice critical behaviors
>> 2. Retention processes
Answer: learner must remember critical behaviors
>> 3. Production processes
Answer: learner must reproduce critical behaviors
>> 4. Reinforcement processes
Answer: learner must be rewarded for exhibiting critical behaviors
>> Goal Orientations
Answer: affect learning behaviors and outcomes
>> Learning Orientation
Answer: building competence is seen as more important than demonstrating competence
>> Decision making
Answer: the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
>> Programmed Decisions
Answer: decisions that become somewhat automatic because a person's knowledge allows him or her
to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken. (often made using
intuition.)
