Comprehensive High-Yield Nursing Review of Pulmonary and Infectious Respiratory Disorders: Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Acute and Infant Respiratory Distress Syndromes, Pleural Disorders, Neuromuscular Impairments, Diagnostic Methods, Path

Comprehensive High-Yield Nursing Review of Pulmonary and Infectious Respiratory Disorders: Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Acute and Infant Respiratory Distress Syndromes, Pleural Disorders, Neuromuscular Impairments, Diagnostic Methods, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Radiographic Findings, Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Interventions, Treatment Compliance, and Priority Nursing Management for Optimal Patient Outcomes Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 1. Viral pneumonia is characterized by a. a productive cough. b. a dry cough. c. exudative consolidation. d. significant ventilation-perfusion imbalance. ANS: B No exudative fluids are produced. Viral pneumonia does not produce exudates, so the cough is non-productive. Ventilation-perfusion imbalance does not usually occur in viral pneumonia. The characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis include a. diffuse white-out. b. Ghon tubercles. c. bibasilar infiltrates. d. tracheal deviation. ANS: B Tuberculosis results in Ghon tubercles that show up as nodules with infiltrates. Diffuse white-out, basilar infiltrates, and tracheal deviation are not characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis. Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of a. acute respiratory distress syndrome. b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. c. asthma. d. cor pulmonale. ANS: A Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and difuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates. These findings are not characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, orcor pulmonale. A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of a. bacterial pneumonia. b. viral pneumonia. c. tuberculosis. d. acute respiratory distress syndrome. ANS: A Bacterial pneumonia produces a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates (white shadows) on x-ray. Viral pneumonia does not produce a productive cough. Tuberculosis may produce a productive cough but does not show parenchymal infiltrates (white shadows) on x-ray. Acute respiratory distress syndrome produces a non-productive cough. The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. b. Haemophilus tuberculosis. c. Tuberculosis tuberculoci. d. Mycococcidio tuberculosis. ANS: A Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes pulmonary tuberculosis. Haemophilus tuberculosis, Tuberculosis tuberculoci, and Mycococcidio tuberculosis do not cause pulmonary tuberculosis. Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection? a. Productive cough b. Low-grade fever c. Night sweats d. Cyanosis ANS: D Cyanosis is not a typical manifestation of tuberculosis infection. A productive cough, low-grade fever, and night sweatsare a typical manifestations of tuberculosis infection. Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances? a. Diffuse interstitial lung disease b. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis c. Sarcoidosis d. Acute respiratory distress syndrome ANS: B Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhalation of organic substances that produces an inflammatory immunologic reaction. Diffuse interstitial lung disease is probably related to an immune reaction but not from inhalation of organic substances. Sarcoidosis likely has an immunologic basis, but not from inhalation of organic substances. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with severe trauma, sepsis, and shock. The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is a. tachycardia. b. hypotension. c. frothy secretions. d. hypoxemia. ANS: D The hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome is hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary shunting of blood. Tachycardia, hypotension, and frothy secretion occur in this disorder but are not hallmark. The primary cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is a. prematurity. b. lack of surfactant.