NURS 405 - Final Exam Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
level 1 level of evidence hierarchy: summarizes more than one study
level 2 level of evidence hierarchy: manipulation of the independent variable,
randomization, and control group
level 3 level of evidence hierarchy: manipulation of the independent variable, but NO
randomization or control group
level 4 level of evidence hierarchy: NO manipulation of the independent variable
level 5 level of evidence hierarchy: systematic review of lower level research, includes
syntheses
level 6 level of evidence hierarchy: includes descriptive research
level 7 level of evidence hierarchy: sources come from authority figures
1. summaries types of evidence in level 1 of the hierarchy of evidence (5)
2. synopses
3. meta-analyses
4. systematic reviews of RCTs
5. clinical practice guidelines
1. randomized control trials types of evidence in level 2 of the hierarchy of evidence (1)
1. quasi-experimental designs types of evidence in level 3 of the hierarchy of evidence (1)
1. correlational studies types of evidence in level 4 of the hierarchy of evidence (5)
2. cohort
3. case-control
4. quantitative data from mixed method designs
5. cross-sectional
1. integrative reviews types of evidence in level 5 of the hierarchy of evidence (2)
2. meta-synthesis
1. single descriptive study/descriptive survey design types of evidence in level 6 of the hierarchy of evidence (8)
2. single qualitative studies
3. qualitative data from mixed method designs
4. EBP projects
5. QI projects
6. case series
7. case studies
8. concept analysis
, 1. narrative review types of evidence in level 7 of the hierarchy of evidence (2)
2. opinion of authorities
summaries (level 1) type of evidence: appraisal of information from a particular practice question
synopses (level 1) type of evidence: overview of key points of evidence from multiple sources
meta-analysis (level 1) type of evidence: statistical process of analyzing and combining results from
several similar studies
meta-analysis (level 1) type of evidence: generates an effect size
systematic review (level 1) type of evidence: gathers all available evidence by using systematic methods to
obtain answers to a specific question
clinical practice guidelines (level 1) type of evidence: recommendations formulated from systematic reviews by the
experts
randomized control trial (level 2) type of evidence: random assignment to groups and manipulation of the
independent variable
quasi-experimental design (level 3) type of evidence: manipulation of the independent variable, but lacks
randomization to experimental and control group
correlational studies (level 4) type of evidence: studies the relationships between two variables
cohort (level 4) type of evidence: subgroup of the population is studied, observes patterns of
disease in populations
cohort (level 4) A researcher chooses a group of adults that includes smokers and nonsmokers,
and then compares subsequent lung cancer incidence in the two groups
what type of study does this represent?
cohort (level 4) You are examining the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the
incidence of a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. You recruit a group of healthy
participants, all of whom were free of Parkinson’s disease at the beginning of your
study. You then collect data on their exposure to pesticides over time, tracking
incidences of Parkinson’s disease. After several years, your results conclude that
those who were exposed to higher levels of pesticides had a higher risk of
developing Parkinson’s disease compared to those who were not.
what type of study does this represent?
case-control (level 4) type of evidence: participants are grouped on the presence or absence of a
particular disease or condition and then compared for similarities and differences
Questions and CORRECT Answers
level 1 level of evidence hierarchy: summarizes more than one study
level 2 level of evidence hierarchy: manipulation of the independent variable,
randomization, and control group
level 3 level of evidence hierarchy: manipulation of the independent variable, but NO
randomization or control group
level 4 level of evidence hierarchy: NO manipulation of the independent variable
level 5 level of evidence hierarchy: systematic review of lower level research, includes
syntheses
level 6 level of evidence hierarchy: includes descriptive research
level 7 level of evidence hierarchy: sources come from authority figures
1. summaries types of evidence in level 1 of the hierarchy of evidence (5)
2. synopses
3. meta-analyses
4. systematic reviews of RCTs
5. clinical practice guidelines
1. randomized control trials types of evidence in level 2 of the hierarchy of evidence (1)
1. quasi-experimental designs types of evidence in level 3 of the hierarchy of evidence (1)
1. correlational studies types of evidence in level 4 of the hierarchy of evidence (5)
2. cohort
3. case-control
4. quantitative data from mixed method designs
5. cross-sectional
1. integrative reviews types of evidence in level 5 of the hierarchy of evidence (2)
2. meta-synthesis
1. single descriptive study/descriptive survey design types of evidence in level 6 of the hierarchy of evidence (8)
2. single qualitative studies
3. qualitative data from mixed method designs
4. EBP projects
5. QI projects
6. case series
7. case studies
8. concept analysis
, 1. narrative review types of evidence in level 7 of the hierarchy of evidence (2)
2. opinion of authorities
summaries (level 1) type of evidence: appraisal of information from a particular practice question
synopses (level 1) type of evidence: overview of key points of evidence from multiple sources
meta-analysis (level 1) type of evidence: statistical process of analyzing and combining results from
several similar studies
meta-analysis (level 1) type of evidence: generates an effect size
systematic review (level 1) type of evidence: gathers all available evidence by using systematic methods to
obtain answers to a specific question
clinical practice guidelines (level 1) type of evidence: recommendations formulated from systematic reviews by the
experts
randomized control trial (level 2) type of evidence: random assignment to groups and manipulation of the
independent variable
quasi-experimental design (level 3) type of evidence: manipulation of the independent variable, but lacks
randomization to experimental and control group
correlational studies (level 4) type of evidence: studies the relationships between two variables
cohort (level 4) type of evidence: subgroup of the population is studied, observes patterns of
disease in populations
cohort (level 4) A researcher chooses a group of adults that includes smokers and nonsmokers,
and then compares subsequent lung cancer incidence in the two groups
what type of study does this represent?
cohort (level 4) You are examining the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the
incidence of a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. You recruit a group of healthy
participants, all of whom were free of Parkinson’s disease at the beginning of your
study. You then collect data on their exposure to pesticides over time, tracking
incidences of Parkinson’s disease. After several years, your results conclude that
those who were exposed to higher levels of pesticides had a higher risk of
developing Parkinson’s disease compared to those who were not.
what type of study does this represent?
case-control (level 4) type of evidence: participants are grouped on the presence or absence of a
particular disease or condition and then compared for similarities and differences
