BIOL 2252K Test 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Name the gonad for the male reproductive system and • gonad: testis
its functions. Name the gametes and sex hormones • Function of testis:
produced by the male gonads - produce gametes(sperm)
- production of hormones (testosterone)
Name the gonad for the female reproductive system and • gonad: ovary
its functions. Name the gametes and sex hormones • Function of ovary:
produced by the female gonads - release of gametes (ova or eggs)
- production of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis mitosis
- division of body cells
- results in 2 diploid daughter cells
- genetically identical
- used for growth, repair, and cell replacement
meiosis
- germline cells divide into sex cells
- 4 haploid daughter cells
- genetic variation due to:
● crossing over
● random orientation
- used for sexual reproduction
both
- start as diploid cells
- same basic stages
● prophase
● metaphase
● anaphase
● telophase
- interphase occurs before
Describe the process of spermatogenesis, including the 1) Spermatogonium differentiates into primary spermatocyte
different spermatogenic cell types. 2) 1 primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to produce 2 haploid secondary
spermatocytes
Where does it occur? 3) the 2 secondary spermatocytes each undergo meiosis 2 to produce a total of 4
haploid spermatids
4) Spermatids elongate as they begin spermiogenesis
5) Spermatids migrate to the epididymis & undergo spermiogenesis to become
mature sperm cells
• Occurs in the wall of the seminiferous tubule
, Describe the role of the sustentacular cell • Also called nurse cells
• Forms the blood testis barrier
• providing structural support for spermatogonia development by maintaining the
environment around the cells;
• secreting substances that stimulate mitosis of spermatogonia and initiation of
meiosis in response to testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone;
• providing nutrients to the dividing cells;
• phagocytizing damaged spermatogenic cells and excess cytoplasm released
from maturing spermatids; and
• producing androgen-binding protein (ABP) and inhibin (see the next module),
which help regulate spermatogenesis.
Why is it important to protect developing sperm from the • Immune cells in the bloodstream must be prevented from encountering the new
immune system? antigens on the genetically unique sperm cells, as they would recognize these
antigens as foreign and mount an immune response against them.
How do spermatids change physically to become 1) Nucleus of spermatid undergoes condensation
spermatozoa? 2) Golgi apparatus within spermatid produces vesicles that fuse together to form
the acrosome (cap-like structure at the anterior end of sperm)
3) acrosome forms over the nucleus; more mitochondria are produced and move
to their positions around the beginning part of the flagellum; microtubules in the
cell form the flagellum, or tail;
4) Spermatids eliminate excess cytoplasmic volum
5) Mitochondria aggregate around flagellum to form midpiece
5) Many organelles are lost which contributes to structure of mature sperm cell
Describe the pathway from the testis to the external 1) Testis
urethral orifice 2) Epididymis
3) Ductus deferens
4) Ejaculatory duct
5) Urethra
6) External urethral orifice
Name the accessory glands of the male reproductive • Seminal vesicles
system. • Prostate gland
• bulbourethral gland
Answers
Name the gonad for the male reproductive system and • gonad: testis
its functions. Name the gametes and sex hormones • Function of testis:
produced by the male gonads - produce gametes(sperm)
- production of hormones (testosterone)
Name the gonad for the female reproductive system and • gonad: ovary
its functions. Name the gametes and sex hormones • Function of ovary:
produced by the female gonads - release of gametes (ova or eggs)
- production of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis mitosis
- division of body cells
- results in 2 diploid daughter cells
- genetically identical
- used for growth, repair, and cell replacement
meiosis
- germline cells divide into sex cells
- 4 haploid daughter cells
- genetic variation due to:
● crossing over
● random orientation
- used for sexual reproduction
both
- start as diploid cells
- same basic stages
● prophase
● metaphase
● anaphase
● telophase
- interphase occurs before
Describe the process of spermatogenesis, including the 1) Spermatogonium differentiates into primary spermatocyte
different spermatogenic cell types. 2) 1 primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to produce 2 haploid secondary
spermatocytes
Where does it occur? 3) the 2 secondary spermatocytes each undergo meiosis 2 to produce a total of 4
haploid spermatids
4) Spermatids elongate as they begin spermiogenesis
5) Spermatids migrate to the epididymis & undergo spermiogenesis to become
mature sperm cells
• Occurs in the wall of the seminiferous tubule
, Describe the role of the sustentacular cell • Also called nurse cells
• Forms the blood testis barrier
• providing structural support for spermatogonia development by maintaining the
environment around the cells;
• secreting substances that stimulate mitosis of spermatogonia and initiation of
meiosis in response to testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone;
• providing nutrients to the dividing cells;
• phagocytizing damaged spermatogenic cells and excess cytoplasm released
from maturing spermatids; and
• producing androgen-binding protein (ABP) and inhibin (see the next module),
which help regulate spermatogenesis.
Why is it important to protect developing sperm from the • Immune cells in the bloodstream must be prevented from encountering the new
immune system? antigens on the genetically unique sperm cells, as they would recognize these
antigens as foreign and mount an immune response against them.
How do spermatids change physically to become 1) Nucleus of spermatid undergoes condensation
spermatozoa? 2) Golgi apparatus within spermatid produces vesicles that fuse together to form
the acrosome (cap-like structure at the anterior end of sperm)
3) acrosome forms over the nucleus; more mitochondria are produced and move
to their positions around the beginning part of the flagellum; microtubules in the
cell form the flagellum, or tail;
4) Spermatids eliminate excess cytoplasmic volum
5) Mitochondria aggregate around flagellum to form midpiece
5) Many organelles are lost which contributes to structure of mature sperm cell
Describe the pathway from the testis to the external 1) Testis
urethral orifice 2) Epididymis
3) Ductus deferens
4) Ejaculatory duct
5) Urethra
6) External urethral orifice
Name the accessory glands of the male reproductive • Seminal vesicles
system. • Prostate gland
• bulbourethral gland
