Test Bank For Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Jacqu
3 3 3 3 3 3 33
elyn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
3 3 3 3 3 3
Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Pathophysiology3Bana
sik:3Pathophysiology,37th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. C.Q.3was3recently3exposed3to3group3A3hemolytic3Streptococcus3and3subsequently3developed3
a3pharyngeal3infection.3His3clinic3examination3reveals3an3oral3temperature3of3102.3°F,3skin3ra
sh,3dysphagia,3and3reddened3throat3mucosa3with3multiple3pustules.3He3complains3of3sore3thro
at,3malaise,3and3joint3stiffness.3A3throat3culture3is3positive3for3Streptococcus,3and3antibiotics3
have3been3prescribed.3The3etiology3of3C.Q.’s3disease3is
a. a3sore3throat.
b. streptococcal3infection.
c. genetic3susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:3 B
Etiology3refers3to3the3proposed3cause3or3causes3of3a3particular3disease3process.3A3sore3throat3
is3the3manifestation3of3the3disease3process.3Genetic3susceptibility3refers3to3inherited3tendenc
y3to3develop3a3disease.3Pharyngitis3refers3to3inflammation3of3the3throat3and3is3also3a3clinical3
manifestation3of3the3disease3process.
2. A317-year-old3college-
bound3student3receives3a3vaccine3against3an3organism3that3causes3meningitis.3This3is3a
n3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 A
Primary3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3fo
r3susceptible3individuals,3in3this3case3by3providing3vaccination.3Secondary3prevention3is3the3
early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease.3Tertiary3prevention3includes3reha
bilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disability3and3restore3effective3functio
ning.3Disease3treatment3involves3management3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
3. An3obese3but3otherwise3healthy3teen3is3given3a3prescription3for3a3low-
calorie3diet3and3exercise3program.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 B
Secondary3prevention3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease3such3a
s3prescribing3diet3and3exercise3for3an3individual3who3has3already3developed3obesity.3Primary
3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease 3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure 3for3susce
ptible3individuals.3Tertiary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attemp
ts3to3alleviate3disability3and3restore3effective3functioning.3Disease3treatment3involves3manage
ment3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
,4. A3patient3with3high3blood3pressure3who3is3otherwise3healthy3is3counseled3to3restrict3sodiu
m3intake.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 B
Secondary3prevention3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease,3such
3as3by3prescribing3sodium3restriction3for3high3blood3pressure.3Primary3prevention3is3preventi
on3of3disease3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3for3susceptible3individuals.3Tert
iary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disabilit
y3and3restore3effective3functioning.3Disease3treatment3involves3management3of3the3disease3o
nce3it3has3developed.
5. After3suffering3a3heart3attack,3a3middle-aged3man3is3counseled3to3take3a3cholesterol-
lowering3medication.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 C
Tertiary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disa
bility3and3restore3effective3functioning3such3as3prescribing3a3cholesterol-
lowering3medication3following3a3heart3attack.3Primary3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease3by
3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3for3susceptible 3individuals.3Secondary3preventio
n3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease.3Disease3treatment3involv
es3management3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
6. A3patient3has3been3exposed3to3meningococcal3meningitis,3but3is3not3yet3demonstrating3signs3
of3this3disease.3This3stage3of3illness3is3called3the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:3 B
Incubation3refers3to3the3interval3between3exposure3of3a3tissue3to3an3injurious3agent3and3the3fir
st3appearance3of3signs3and3symptoms.3In3infectious3diseases,3this3period3is3often3called3the3in
cubation3(latent)3period.3Prodromal3refers3to3the3appearance3of3the3first3signs3and3symptoms3
indicating3the3onset3of3a3disease.3These3are3often3nonspecific,3such3as3headache,3malaise,3ano
rexia,3and3nausea,3which3are3associated3with3a3number3of3different3diseases.3Sequela3refers3to
3subsequent 3pathologic 3condition3resulting3from3a3disease.3Convalescence 3is3the3stage 3of3rec
overy3after3a3disease,3injury,3or3surgical3operation.
7. A3disease3that3is3native3to3a3particular3region3is3called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:3 B
A3disease3that3is3native3to3a3particular3region3is3called3endemic.3An3epidemic3is3a3disease3that3s
preads3to3many3individuals3at3the3same3time.3Pandemics3are3epidemics3that3affect3large3geogra
phic3regions,3perhaps3spreading3worldwide.3Ethnographic3does3not3describe3a3disease3distributi
on3pattern.
8. In3general,3with3aging,3organ3size3and3function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain3the3same.
d. are3unknown.
ANS:3 B
In3general,3with3aging,3organ3size3and3function3decrease.
9. The3stage3during3which3the3patient3functions3normally,3although3the3disease3processes3are3we
ll3established,3is3referred3to3as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:3 B
The3stage3during3which3the3patient3functions3normally,3although3the3disease3processes3are3we
ll3established,3is3called3the3subclinical3stage.3The3interval3between3exposure3of3a3tissue3to3an3
injurious3agent3and3the3first3appearance3of3signs3and3symptoms3may3be3called3a3latent3period
3or,3in3the3case3of3infectious3diseases,3an3incubation3period.3The3prodromal3period,3or3prodro
me,3refers3to3the3appearance3of3the3first3signs3and3symptoms3indicating3the3onset3of3a3diseas
e.3Convalescence3is3the3stage3of3recovery3after3a3disease,3injury,3or3surgical3operation.
MULTIPLE3RESPONSE
1. Your3patient’s3red3blood3cell3count3is3slightly3elevated3today.3This3might3be3explained3b
y3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. gender3difference.
b. situational3factors.
c. normal3variation.
d. cultural3variation.
e. illness.
ANS:3 A,3B,3C,3E
Gender,3situations3(e.g.,3altitude),3normal3variations,3and3illness3may3all3determine3red3blood3
cell3count.3Culture3affects3how3manifestations3are3perceived3(normal3versus3abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic3factors3influence3disease3development3because3of3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental3toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:3 B,3C,3D,3E
Socioeconomic3factors3influence3disease3development3via3exposure3to3environmental3toxins3(oc
cupational)3and3overcrowding,3nutrition3(over-
3or3undernutrition),3and3hygiene 3(e.g.,3in3developing3countries).3Genetics3is3not3influenced3by3s
ocioeconomic3factors.
3. When3determining3additional3data3to3gather3before3making3a3diagnosis,3what3factors3need3t
o3be3considered?3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:3 A,3C
Two3considerations3one3must3use3when3choosing3additional3data3to3gather3include3the3reliabi
lity3and3validity3of3the3tests3being3weighed.3Reliability,3or3precision,3is3the3ability3of3a3test3to
3give3the3same3result3in3repeated3measurements.3Validity,3or3accuracy,3is3the3degree 3to3which
3a3measurement 3reflects3the3true3value3of3the3object3it3is3intended3to3measure.3Expense,3gener
alizability,3and3repetition3are3not3characteristics3that3are3typically3considered.
4. Which3of3the3following3statements3are3accurate3when3considering3diagnostic3testing3for3a
n3individual3with3a3possible3medical3condition?3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. The3more3often3a3patient3has3a3test,3the3more3accurate3the3average3result3is.
b. Sensitivity3is3the3chance3the3test3will3be3positive3if3the3hypothesized3disease3i
s3present.
c. Testing3is3generally3not3accurate3during3the3prodromal3stage3to3make3a3diagnosis.
d. Specificity3shows3that3a3test3will3be3negative3if3the3person3does3not3have3th
e3disease.
e. Reliability3demonstrates3a3test3is3accurate3under3a3number3of3different3conditions.
ANS:3 B,3D
Sensitivity3is3the3probability3that3the3test3will3be3positive3when3applied3to3a3person3with3the3
condition.3Specificity3is3the3probability3that3a3test3will3be3negative3when3applied3to3a3person3
who3does3not3have3a3given3condition.3Test3results3are3usually3not3aggregated3and3averaged.3A
3disease 3process3is3well3established3during3the3prodromal 3phase3of3illness,3so3some3diagnosti
c3testing3would3indicate3its3presence.3Reliability,3or3precision,3is3the3ability3of3a3test3to3give3t
he3same3result3in3repeated3measurements.
Chapter302:3Homeostasis,3Allostasis,3and3Adaptive3Responses3to3Stressors3B
anasik:3Pathophysiology,37th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. Indicators3that3an3individual3is3experiencing3high3stress3include3all3the3following3except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased3peripheral3resistance.
d. pupil3constriction.
ANS:3 D
3 3 3 3 3 3 33
elyn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
3 3 3 3 3 3
Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Pathophysiology3Bana
sik:3Pathophysiology,37th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. C.Q.3was3recently3exposed3to3group3A3hemolytic3Streptococcus3and3subsequently3developed3
a3pharyngeal3infection.3His3clinic3examination3reveals3an3oral3temperature3of3102.3°F,3skin3ra
sh,3dysphagia,3and3reddened3throat3mucosa3with3multiple3pustules.3He3complains3of3sore3thro
at,3malaise,3and3joint3stiffness.3A3throat3culture3is3positive3for3Streptococcus,3and3antibiotics3
have3been3prescribed.3The3etiology3of3C.Q.’s3disease3is
a. a3sore3throat.
b. streptococcal3infection.
c. genetic3susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:3 B
Etiology3refers3to3the3proposed3cause3or3causes3of3a3particular3disease3process.3A3sore3throat3
is3the3manifestation3of3the3disease3process.3Genetic3susceptibility3refers3to3inherited3tendenc
y3to3develop3a3disease.3Pharyngitis3refers3to3inflammation3of3the3throat3and3is3also3a3clinical3
manifestation3of3the3disease3process.
2. A317-year-old3college-
bound3student3receives3a3vaccine3against3an3organism3that3causes3meningitis.3This3is3a
n3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 A
Primary3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3fo
r3susceptible3individuals,3in3this3case3by3providing3vaccination.3Secondary3prevention3is3the3
early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease.3Tertiary3prevention3includes3reha
bilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disability3and3restore3effective3functio
ning.3Disease3treatment3involves3management3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
3. An3obese3but3otherwise3healthy3teen3is3given3a3prescription3for3a3low-
calorie3diet3and3exercise3program.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 B
Secondary3prevention3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease3such3a
s3prescribing3diet3and3exercise3for3an3individual3who3has3already3developed3obesity.3Primary
3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease 3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure 3for3susce
ptible3individuals.3Tertiary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attemp
ts3to3alleviate3disability3and3restore3effective3functioning.3Disease3treatment3involves3manage
ment3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
,4. A3patient3with3high3blood3pressure3who3is3otherwise3healthy3is3counseled3to3restrict3sodiu
m3intake.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 B
Secondary3prevention3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease,3such
3as3by3prescribing3sodium3restriction3for3high3blood3pressure.3Primary3prevention3is3preventi
on3of3disease3by3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3for3susceptible3individuals.3Tert
iary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disabilit
y3and3restore3effective3functioning.3Disease3treatment3involves3management3of3the3disease3o
nce3it3has3developed.
5. After3suffering3a3heart3attack,3a3middle-aged3man3is3counseled3to3take3a3cholesterol-
lowering3medication.3This3is3an3example3of
a. primary3prevention.
b. secondary3prevention.
c. tertiary3prevention.
d. disease3treatment.
ANS:3 C
Tertiary3prevention3includes3rehabilitative3and3supportive3care3and3attempts3to3alleviate3disa
bility3and3restore3effective3functioning3such3as3prescribing3a3cholesterol-
lowering3medication3following3a3heart3attack.3Primary3prevention3is3prevention3of3disease3by
3altering3susceptibility3or3reducing3exposure3for3susceptible 3individuals.3Secondary3preventio
n3is3the3early3detection,3screening,3and3management3of3the3disease.3Disease3treatment3involv
es3management3of3the3disease3once3it3has3developed.
6. A3patient3has3been3exposed3to3meningococcal3meningitis,3but3is3not3yet3demonstrating3signs3
of3this3disease.3This3stage3of3illness3is3called3the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:3 B
Incubation3refers3to3the3interval3between3exposure3of3a3tissue3to3an3injurious3agent3and3the3fir
st3appearance3of3signs3and3symptoms.3In3infectious3diseases,3this3period3is3often3called3the3in
cubation3(latent)3period.3Prodromal3refers3to3the3appearance3of3the3first3signs3and3symptoms3
indicating3the3onset3of3a3disease.3These3are3often3nonspecific,3such3as3headache,3malaise,3ano
rexia,3and3nausea,3which3are3associated3with3a3number3of3different3diseases.3Sequela3refers3to
3subsequent 3pathologic 3condition3resulting3from3a3disease.3Convalescence 3is3the3stage 3of3rec
overy3after3a3disease,3injury,3or3surgical3operation.
7. A3disease3that3is3native3to3a3particular3region3is3called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:3 B
A3disease3that3is3native3to3a3particular3region3is3called3endemic.3An3epidemic3is3a3disease3that3s
preads3to3many3individuals3at3the3same3time.3Pandemics3are3epidemics3that3affect3large3geogra
phic3regions,3perhaps3spreading3worldwide.3Ethnographic3does3not3describe3a3disease3distributi
on3pattern.
8. In3general,3with3aging,3organ3size3and3function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain3the3same.
d. are3unknown.
ANS:3 B
In3general,3with3aging,3organ3size3and3function3decrease.
9. The3stage3during3which3the3patient3functions3normally,3although3the3disease3processes3are3we
ll3established,3is3referred3to3as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:3 B
The3stage3during3which3the3patient3functions3normally,3although3the3disease3processes3are3we
ll3established,3is3called3the3subclinical3stage.3The3interval3between3exposure3of3a3tissue3to3an3
injurious3agent3and3the3first3appearance3of3signs3and3symptoms3may3be3called3a3latent3period
3or,3in3the3case3of3infectious3diseases,3an3incubation3period.3The3prodromal3period,3or3prodro
me,3refers3to3the3appearance3of3the3first3signs3and3symptoms3indicating3the3onset3of3a3diseas
e.3Convalescence3is3the3stage3of3recovery3after3a3disease,3injury,3or3surgical3operation.
MULTIPLE3RESPONSE
1. Your3patient’s3red3blood3cell3count3is3slightly3elevated3today.3This3might3be3explained3b
y3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. gender3difference.
b. situational3factors.
c. normal3variation.
d. cultural3variation.
e. illness.
ANS:3 A,3B,3C,3E
Gender,3situations3(e.g.,3altitude),3normal3variations,3and3illness3may3all3determine3red3blood3
cell3count.3Culture3affects3how3manifestations3are3perceived3(normal3versus3abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic3factors3influence3disease3development3because3of3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental3toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:3 B,3C,3D,3E
Socioeconomic3factors3influence3disease3development3via3exposure3to3environmental3toxins3(oc
cupational)3and3overcrowding,3nutrition3(over-
3or3undernutrition),3and3hygiene 3(e.g.,3in3developing3countries).3Genetics3is3not3influenced3by3s
ocioeconomic3factors.
3. When3determining3additional3data3to3gather3before3making3a3diagnosis,3what3factors3need3t
o3be3considered?3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:3 A,3C
Two3considerations3one3must3use3when3choosing3additional3data3to3gather3include3the3reliabi
lity3and3validity3of3the3tests3being3weighed.3Reliability,3or3precision,3is3the3ability3of3a3test3to
3give3the3same3result3in3repeated3measurements.3Validity,3or3accuracy,3is3the3degree 3to3which
3a3measurement 3reflects3the3true3value3of3the3object3it3is3intended3to3measure.3Expense,3gener
alizability,3and3repetition3are3not3characteristics3that3are3typically3considered.
4. Which3of3the3following3statements3are3accurate3when3considering3diagnostic3testing3for3a
n3individual3with3a3possible3medical3condition?3(Select3all3that3apply.)
a. The3more3often3a3patient3has3a3test,3the3more3accurate3the3average3result3is.
b. Sensitivity3is3the3chance3the3test3will3be3positive3if3the3hypothesized3disease3i
s3present.
c. Testing3is3generally3not3accurate3during3the3prodromal3stage3to3make3a3diagnosis.
d. Specificity3shows3that3a3test3will3be3negative3if3the3person3does3not3have3th
e3disease.
e. Reliability3demonstrates3a3test3is3accurate3under3a3number3of3different3conditions.
ANS:3 B,3D
Sensitivity3is3the3probability3that3the3test3will3be3positive3when3applied3to3a3person3with3the3
condition.3Specificity3is3the3probability3that3a3test3will3be3negative3when3applied3to3a3person3
who3does3not3have3a3given3condition.3Test3results3are3usually3not3aggregated3and3averaged.3A
3disease 3process3is3well3established3during3the3prodromal 3phase3of3illness,3so3some3diagnosti
c3testing3would3indicate3its3presence.3Reliability,3or3precision,3is3the3ability3of3a3test3to3give3t
he3same3result3in3repeated3measurements.
Chapter302:3Homeostasis,3Allostasis,3and3Adaptive3Responses3to3Stressors3B
anasik:3Pathophysiology,37th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. Indicators3that3an3individual3is3experiencing3high3stress3include3all3the3following3except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased3peripheral3resistance.
d. pupil3constriction.
ANS:3 D
