, Introduction to Nuclea 3 3
r and Particle Physics
3 3 3
Third Edition3
V.K. MITTAL
3
Professor3of3Physics3Punja
bi3University,3Patiala
R.C. VERMA
3
Professor3of3Physics3Punja
bi3University,3Patiala
S.C. GUPTA
3
Former3Professor3 and3Head3D
epartment3of3Physics3Punjabi3
University,3Patiala
Delhi-
11009232013
,INTRODUCTION3 TO3 NUCLEAR 3 AND3 PARTICLE 3 PHYSICS,3 Third3 Edition3 V.K.3 Mittal,3 R.C.3 Verma
and3 S.C.3 Gupta3 ©3 20133 by3 PHI3 Learning3 Private3 Limited,3 Delhi.3 All3 rights3 reserved.3 No3 part3 of3 this3 b
ook3may3be3reproduced3in3any3form,3by3mimeograph 3or3any3other3means,3without3permission3in3writing3fro
m3the3publisher.
ISBN-978-81-203-4738-0
The3 export3 rights3 of3 this3 book3 are3 vested3 solely3 with3 the3publisher.
Third3 Printing 3 (Third3 Edition)3 …3 …3 …3 April,32013
Published 3by3Asoke3K.3Ghosh,3PHI3Learning3Private3Limited,3Rimjhim3House,3111,3Patparganj3Industrial3E
state,3Delhi-1100923and3Printed 3by3Raj3Press,3New3Delhi-110012.
, Contents
Preface xiii3Preface3to3the3First3Edition
xv31.3The3Nucleus 17–45
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical3 Developments……1
1.3 Constituents3 of3 the3 Nucleus 3
1.3.1 Proton–Electron3 Hypothesis 3
1.3.2 Proton–Neutron3 Hypothesis 5
1.3.3 Terms3 Associated 3 with3 the3 Nucleus 7
1.4 Quantitative3 Facts3 about3 Nucleus 8
1.4.1 Size 8
1.4.2 Mass 9
1.4.3 Density 10
1.4.4 Energy 11
1.4.5 Charge 12
1.5 Binding3 Energy 12
1.5.1 Mass3 Defect 12
1.5.2 Packing3 Fraction 13
1.5.3 Fusion3 and3 Fission 14
1.5.4 Binding3 Energy3 per3 Nucleon 14
1.6 Nuclear3 Angular3 Momentum 16
1.7 Nuclear3 Moments 18
1.7.1 Magnetic3 Dipole3 Moment 18
1.7.2 Electric3 Quadrupole3 Moment 20
1.8 Wave3 Mechanical3 Properties 22
1.8.1 Parity 23
1.8.2 Statistics 23
1.9 Nature3 of3 Nuclear3 Forces 24
1.10 Yukawa3 Theory 3 of3 Nuclear3 Forces 26
r and Particle Physics
3 3 3
Third Edition3
V.K. MITTAL
3
Professor3of3Physics3Punja
bi3University,3Patiala
R.C. VERMA
3
Professor3of3Physics3Punja
bi3University,3Patiala
S.C. GUPTA
3
Former3Professor3 and3Head3D
epartment3of3Physics3Punjabi3
University,3Patiala
Delhi-
11009232013
,INTRODUCTION3 TO3 NUCLEAR 3 AND3 PARTICLE 3 PHYSICS,3 Third3 Edition3 V.K.3 Mittal,3 R.C.3 Verma
and3 S.C.3 Gupta3 ©3 20133 by3 PHI3 Learning3 Private3 Limited,3 Delhi.3 All3 rights3 reserved.3 No3 part3 of3 this3 b
ook3may3be3reproduced3in3any3form,3by3mimeograph 3or3any3other3means,3without3permission3in3writing3fro
m3the3publisher.
ISBN-978-81-203-4738-0
The3 export3 rights3 of3 this3 book3 are3 vested3 solely3 with3 the3publisher.
Third3 Printing 3 (Third3 Edition)3 …3 …3 …3 April,32013
Published 3by3Asoke3K.3Ghosh,3PHI3Learning3Private3Limited,3Rimjhim3House,3111,3Patparganj3Industrial3E
state,3Delhi-1100923and3Printed 3by3Raj3Press,3New3Delhi-110012.
, Contents
Preface xiii3Preface3to3the3First3Edition
xv31.3The3Nucleus 17–45
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical3 Developments……1
1.3 Constituents3 of3 the3 Nucleus 3
1.3.1 Proton–Electron3 Hypothesis 3
1.3.2 Proton–Neutron3 Hypothesis 5
1.3.3 Terms3 Associated 3 with3 the3 Nucleus 7
1.4 Quantitative3 Facts3 about3 Nucleus 8
1.4.1 Size 8
1.4.2 Mass 9
1.4.3 Density 10
1.4.4 Energy 11
1.4.5 Charge 12
1.5 Binding3 Energy 12
1.5.1 Mass3 Defect 12
1.5.2 Packing3 Fraction 13
1.5.3 Fusion3 and3 Fission 14
1.5.4 Binding3 Energy3 per3 Nucleon 14
1.6 Nuclear3 Angular3 Momentum 16
1.7 Nuclear3 Moments 18
1.7.1 Magnetic3 Dipole3 Moment 18
1.7.2 Electric3 Quadrupole3 Moment 20
1.8 Wave3 Mechanical3 Properties 22
1.8.1 Parity 23
1.8.2 Statistics 23
1.9 Nature3 of3 Nuclear3 Forces 24
1.10 Yukawa3 Theory 3 of3 Nuclear3 Forces 26
