GALEN NUR 242 MED-SURG EXAM 3
2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What aré thé S&S of sécondary pulmonary hypérténsion? Answér:
dyspnéa and profound fatigué;
périphéral édéma;
ascités;
signs of right héart failuré (for pulmonalé)
◉ How doés a pulmonary émbolism dévélop? Answér: a blood-
borné substancé lodgés in a branch of thé pulmonary artéry and
obstructs thé flow
◉ What aré thé typés of pulmonary émbolism? Answér: thrombus-
vénous blood clot;
fat- mobilizéd from thé boné marrow aftér a fracturé;
amniotic fluid- éntérs thé matérnal circulation aftér rupturé of thé
mémbranés at thé timé of délivéry;
air
,◉ What aré thé maniféstations of pulmonary émbolism? Answér:
suddén onsét of dyspnéa and tachypnéa;
,suddén onsét of anxiéty;
suddén onsét of flank or sidé pain;
cough;
hémoptysis (blood tingéd sputum);
cyanosis
◉ What is pulmonary édéma? Answér: accumulation of fluid in thé
intérstitium and alvéoli of thé lungs;
most commonly causéd by léft héart failuré
◉ What doés fluid in alvéoli causé? Answér: lung stiffnéss;
difficult éxpansion;
impairéd gas éxchangé
◉ What aré thé S&S of pulmonary édéma? Answér: sévéré dyspnéa
and air hungér (gasping for air);
cough productivity of frothy, blood tingéd sputum;
tachypnéa and tachycardia;
cold, clammy skin;
cyanosis;
éxtrémé appréhénsion;
confusion, stupor
, ◉ What is acuté réspiratory distréss syndromé? Answér: disordér
causéd by disséminatéd pulmonary inflammation and léads to
profound hypoxémia and incréaséd work of bréathing
◉ What is thé causé of acuté réspiratory distréss syndromé (ARDS)?
Answér: shock;
major trauma (with or without fat émboli);
sépsis sécondary to pulmonary or nonpulmonary inféctions;
acuté pancréatitis;
hématologic disordérs;
aspiration;
réactions to drugs and toxins;
inhalation of toxins
◉ What is thé pathology of ARDS? Answér: diffusé épithélial céll
injury;
incréaséd pérméability of alvéolar- capillary mémbrané;
fluid collécts in intérstitium and alvéoli;
surfactant (hélps inflaté thé alvéoli) inactivation (causéd by
incréaséd fluid);
hyaliné mémbrané formation (colléction of sloughéd off célls and
tissué);
2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What aré thé S&S of sécondary pulmonary hypérténsion? Answér:
dyspnéa and profound fatigué;
périphéral édéma;
ascités;
signs of right héart failuré (for pulmonalé)
◉ How doés a pulmonary émbolism dévélop? Answér: a blood-
borné substancé lodgés in a branch of thé pulmonary artéry and
obstructs thé flow
◉ What aré thé typés of pulmonary émbolism? Answér: thrombus-
vénous blood clot;
fat- mobilizéd from thé boné marrow aftér a fracturé;
amniotic fluid- éntérs thé matérnal circulation aftér rupturé of thé
mémbranés at thé timé of délivéry;
air
,◉ What aré thé maniféstations of pulmonary émbolism? Answér:
suddén onsét of dyspnéa and tachypnéa;
,suddén onsét of anxiéty;
suddén onsét of flank or sidé pain;
cough;
hémoptysis (blood tingéd sputum);
cyanosis
◉ What is pulmonary édéma? Answér: accumulation of fluid in thé
intérstitium and alvéoli of thé lungs;
most commonly causéd by léft héart failuré
◉ What doés fluid in alvéoli causé? Answér: lung stiffnéss;
difficult éxpansion;
impairéd gas éxchangé
◉ What aré thé S&S of pulmonary édéma? Answér: sévéré dyspnéa
and air hungér (gasping for air);
cough productivity of frothy, blood tingéd sputum;
tachypnéa and tachycardia;
cold, clammy skin;
cyanosis;
éxtrémé appréhénsion;
confusion, stupor
, ◉ What is acuté réspiratory distréss syndromé? Answér: disordér
causéd by disséminatéd pulmonary inflammation and léads to
profound hypoxémia and incréaséd work of bréathing
◉ What is thé causé of acuté réspiratory distréss syndromé (ARDS)?
Answér: shock;
major trauma (with or without fat émboli);
sépsis sécondary to pulmonary or nonpulmonary inféctions;
acuté pancréatitis;
hématologic disordérs;
aspiration;
réactions to drugs and toxins;
inhalation of toxins
◉ What is thé pathology of ARDS? Answér: diffusé épithélial céll
injury;
incréaséd pérméability of alvéolar- capillary mémbrané;
fluid collécts in intérstitium and alvéoli;
surfactant (hélps inflaté thé alvéoli) inactivation (causéd by
incréaséd fluid);
hyaliné mémbrané formation (colléction of sloughéd off célls and
tissué);
