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NEBOSH PSM 2026 Exam Questions and Answers (NEBOSH PSM) – 300+ Questions on HAZOP, SIL, Steam Hazards, ATEX and Asset Integrity

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This document contains over 300 exam questions and verified answers for the NEBOSH Process Safety Management (PSM) 2026 examination, structured across 18 detailed revision pages. It comprehensively covers core process safety definitions including immediate and root causes, hazard and risk, leading and lagging indicators, auditing, and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) equation used in FMEA (Severity × Occurrence × Detection). The material provides in-depth coverage of formal hazard identification and risk assessment techniques, including HAZID (top-down, consequence-driven), HAZOP (bottom-up, cause-driven), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), and the hierarchy of risk controls (inherent safety, elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls). It also explains double block and bleed isolation, Safe Operating Envelope (SOE), permit-to-work systems (hot work, cold work, electrical, confined space, isolation), and asset integrity lifecycle phases from design through decommissioning. Advanced technical content includes Safety Critical Elements (SCE), Performance Standards (PS), FARSI (Functionality, Availability, Reliability, Survivability, Interdependency), Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and their components (sensor, logic solver, final element), Safety Integrity Levels (SIL 1–4), Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD), Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Emergency Shutdown systems (ESD), Remotely Operated Shutoff Valves (ROSOV), and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems. The document also thoroughly examines steam-related hazards (thermal expansion, vacuum formation, water hammer), hydrostatic testing, legionella temperature growth range (20–55°C), inerting and blanketing gases (nitrogen, CO₂, argon, helium, neon), ATEX explosive atmosphere directives and zoning classifications, static electricity mechanisms (tribocharging, pyroelectric, piezoelectric), electrical hazards (electric arc, heart fibrillation risk at 50V), and types of static discharge (spark, corona, brush, propagating brush, conical pile, streaming current). This resource is directly aligned with the NEBOSH Certificate in Process Safety Management syllabus and is ideal for HSE professionals, process engineers, plant supervisors, maintenance managers, and safety practitioners working in oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, energy, and high-hazard manufacturing industries preparing for certification examinations. Keywords: NEBOSH PSM 2026 exam, HAZOP bottom up study, HAZID top down study, FMEA risk priority number equation, hierarchy of risk controls inherent safety elimination substitution engineering administrative, safety instrumented system SIS components, safety integrity level SIL 1 to 4, probability of failure on demand PFD, FARSI performance standards, asset integrity lifecycle phases, permit to work hot cold confined space electrical, double block and bleed isolation, steam hazards thermal expansion vacuum formation water hammer, ATEX explosive atmosphere zoning, inerting and blanketing nitrogen CO2, legionella growth 20 to 55 degrees, static electricity tribocharging corona brush discharge, emergency shutdown ESD ROSOV UPS, process hazard analysis pre start up review

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NEBOSH PSM 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
100% PASS



Immediate cause - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The unsafe act or unsafe condition that

leads directly to the consequences


Root cause - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An underlying circumstance that allowed the

unsafe condition to exist

,Leading indicators - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Proactive measurements of conditions

that monitor process safety before something goes wrong and to see if

things are operating as intended


Lagging indicators - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Reactive measures that look at failures,

such as the number of injuries, the number of near misses etc


Auditing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Systematic, objective critical evaluation of how

well an organisation's management system is performing by examining

evidence


Hazard - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Something that has the potential to cause harm


Risk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in

combination with the severity


Acronym: Failure Mode Effect Analysis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Acronym: FMEA


Risk Priority Number (RPN) equation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Severity x

Occurrence x Detection


Severity X Occurrence X Detection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Risk Priority Number

(RPN) equation

, HAZID - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A structured, team-based approach to identify

hazards, potential consequences and requirements for risk reduction


HAZID characteristics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔top-down, consequence driven

study


top-down, consequence driven study - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is HAZID bottom up

or top down?


HAZOP - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A very thorough analysis of a process to identify

ways in which the process could deviate from its design intention


HAZOP characteristics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Bottom up, cause driven study


Bottom up, cause driven study - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is HAZOP top down or

bottom up?


Event Tree Analysis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Tool used to evaluate the mitigation

measures that will operate after an event


Hierarchy of risk controls - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Inherent safety; elimination;

substitution; engineering controls; administrative controls

Inherent safety; elimination; substitution; engineering controls;

administrative controls - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Order the following into hierarchy of

3
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