AICE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PAPER 2
2025 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Scramble for Africa. Answer: •late 19th century to early 20th century
•European powers rushing to acquire land and resources in Africa
•Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Germany, Italy
⩥ Scramble for Africa causes. Answer: •strategic factors
trade routes w/ India vital for Britain
•medical advancement and exploration
people became less and less afraid of African diseases
•weaponry
Europeans had great weaponry advantage over native Africans,
somewhat easy to conquer
•political factors
nowhere left to expand in Europe because of borders clearly drawn--
Africa good opportunity
•the abolition of slave trade
1871, slavery abolished in most countries, European businessmen denied
huge profits--seeking more trade opportunities in Africa
, •industrial revolution
rapid increase in production of manufactured goods associated with
European Industrial Revolution lead to a need for raw resources and
materials
•a sense of duty
Europeans convinced of their religious/racial superiority
⩥ the rush: each country's motives. Answer: •Britain: protect Indian
trading routes, economic interests
•France: active in the west and north-west, searching for raw materials,
wanted a large overseas empire
•Belgium: recently won independence from the Netherlands in 1830,
King Leopold II determined to increase his own wealth and put Belgium
on the map by claiming Congo
•Portugal: didn't want to be left behind
•Germany: late comer (1881) to the scramble, government felt pressure
to join, didn't gain much profitable land, only country that lost money in
scramble
⩥ Treaty of Berlin 1885 causes. Answer: •scramble for Africa became a
nationalism issue
•opened up windows for conflict between nations
•in an attempt to prevent war/conflict, 13 countries met at Berlin
Conference 1884-85 to produce an agreement concerning Africa
•designed to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa
2025 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Scramble for Africa. Answer: •late 19th century to early 20th century
•European powers rushing to acquire land and resources in Africa
•Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Germany, Italy
⩥ Scramble for Africa causes. Answer: •strategic factors
trade routes w/ India vital for Britain
•medical advancement and exploration
people became less and less afraid of African diseases
•weaponry
Europeans had great weaponry advantage over native Africans,
somewhat easy to conquer
•political factors
nowhere left to expand in Europe because of borders clearly drawn--
Africa good opportunity
•the abolition of slave trade
1871, slavery abolished in most countries, European businessmen denied
huge profits--seeking more trade opportunities in Africa
, •industrial revolution
rapid increase in production of manufactured goods associated with
European Industrial Revolution lead to a need for raw resources and
materials
•a sense of duty
Europeans convinced of their religious/racial superiority
⩥ the rush: each country's motives. Answer: •Britain: protect Indian
trading routes, economic interests
•France: active in the west and north-west, searching for raw materials,
wanted a large overseas empire
•Belgium: recently won independence from the Netherlands in 1830,
King Leopold II determined to increase his own wealth and put Belgium
on the map by claiming Congo
•Portugal: didn't want to be left behind
•Germany: late comer (1881) to the scramble, government felt pressure
to join, didn't gain much profitable land, only country that lost money in
scramble
⩥ Treaty of Berlin 1885 causes. Answer: •scramble for Africa became a
nationalism issue
•opened up windows for conflict between nations
•in an attempt to prevent war/conflict, 13 countries met at Berlin
Conference 1884-85 to produce an agreement concerning Africa
•designed to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa
