ORGB 364 FINAL EXAM NOTES COMPLETE
STUDY A-HEAD SOLUTION GUIDE
ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ positives and negatives of job specialization. Answer: positives:
increases efficiency through mastering tasks, spend less time changing
tasks, require less training, and matched with jobs best suited to their
skills
negatives: may reduce work motivation, create mental health problems,
lower product/service quality, increase costs through discontentment,
absenteeism, turnover
⩥ what are the 3 components of the job characteristics model?. Answer:
it is a template for job redesign that specifies 5 core dimensions, 3
psychological states and individual differences
⩥ what are the 5 core dimensions of the job characteristics model?.
Answer: skill variety
task identity (the degree to which a job requires completion of
whole/piece of work)
task significance (degree to which the job affects the organization and/or
larger society )
,autonomy (high autonomy= freedom, interdependence, and discretion in
work)
job feedback (degree to which employees can tell how well they are
doing directly from the job itself)
⩥ define empowerment. Answer: a psychological concept represented
by 4 dimensions: self-determination, meaning, competence and impact
regarding the individuals role in the organization
⩥ what are some strategies that support job empowerment. Answer: -job
design (autonomy, task identity, task significance, job feedback)
-at the organizational level: learning orient culture, sufficient
information and resources, corporate leaders who trust employees
⩥ define self-leadership and its 5 elements. Answer: self-leadership is
the process of influencing oneself to establish the self-direction and self-
motivation needed to perform a task.
the 5 elements are:
-personal goal setting (goals are self-determined rather than assigned)
-constructive thought patterns (positive self-talk and mental imagery)
-designing natural rewards (makes job more motivating)
-self-monitoring (keep track of progress by using naturally occurring
feedback)
-self-reinforcement (employee has control over the reinforcer but doesn't
take the reinforcer until completing a self-set goal)
,⩥ define job evaluation. Answer: systematically rating the worth of jobs
within an organization by measuring their required skill, effort,
responsibility, and working conditions
-job-status based rewards are based on job evaluation
⩥ what are the three types of performance based rewards?. Answer:
individual rewards
team rewards (gainsharing plan)
organizational rewards (ESOP's, share options, profit sharing)
⩥ Define gainsharing. Answer: calculates employee bonuses from the
work units cost savings and productivity improvement (surplus is
divided among members of team- improves team dynamics, knowledge
sharing, pay satisfaction)
⩥ define employee share ownership plans (ESOP's). Answer: employees
are encouraged to buy company stock at a discounted price. occurs in the
form of dividends and market appreciation of shares.
creates ownership culture
⩥ define share options. Answer: gives employees the right to purchase
company shares at a predetermined price up to a fixed expiration date.
motivates employees to make the company more profitable- reap value
above the purchased price
, creates ownership culture
⩥ define profit share plan. Answer: employees receive a percentage of
the previous years company profits
⩥ define a job and job design. Answer: job- tasks performed by a person
job design- assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of
those tasks with other jobs
⩥ define job specialization. Answer: occurs when work required to serve
a customer or provide product/ service is subdivided into separate jobs
assigned to different people
⩥ define scientific management. Answer: mainly associated with high
levels of job specialization and standardization of tasks to achieve
maximum efficiency . consists of a toolkit of activities (employee
selection, training, goal setting, and work incentives) that increase
productivity
⩥ what are the two conflicting outputs of job specialization?. Answer: -
individuals master their work faster than employees do in jobs with a
wide variety of tasks
-many jobs are specialized to the point where they are highly repetitive
and tedious
STUDY A-HEAD SOLUTION GUIDE
ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ positives and negatives of job specialization. Answer: positives:
increases efficiency through mastering tasks, spend less time changing
tasks, require less training, and matched with jobs best suited to their
skills
negatives: may reduce work motivation, create mental health problems,
lower product/service quality, increase costs through discontentment,
absenteeism, turnover
⩥ what are the 3 components of the job characteristics model?. Answer:
it is a template for job redesign that specifies 5 core dimensions, 3
psychological states and individual differences
⩥ what are the 5 core dimensions of the job characteristics model?.
Answer: skill variety
task identity (the degree to which a job requires completion of
whole/piece of work)
task significance (degree to which the job affects the organization and/or
larger society )
,autonomy (high autonomy= freedom, interdependence, and discretion in
work)
job feedback (degree to which employees can tell how well they are
doing directly from the job itself)
⩥ define empowerment. Answer: a psychological concept represented
by 4 dimensions: self-determination, meaning, competence and impact
regarding the individuals role in the organization
⩥ what are some strategies that support job empowerment. Answer: -job
design (autonomy, task identity, task significance, job feedback)
-at the organizational level: learning orient culture, sufficient
information and resources, corporate leaders who trust employees
⩥ define self-leadership and its 5 elements. Answer: self-leadership is
the process of influencing oneself to establish the self-direction and self-
motivation needed to perform a task.
the 5 elements are:
-personal goal setting (goals are self-determined rather than assigned)
-constructive thought patterns (positive self-talk and mental imagery)
-designing natural rewards (makes job more motivating)
-self-monitoring (keep track of progress by using naturally occurring
feedback)
-self-reinforcement (employee has control over the reinforcer but doesn't
take the reinforcer until completing a self-set goal)
,⩥ define job evaluation. Answer: systematically rating the worth of jobs
within an organization by measuring their required skill, effort,
responsibility, and working conditions
-job-status based rewards are based on job evaluation
⩥ what are the three types of performance based rewards?. Answer:
individual rewards
team rewards (gainsharing plan)
organizational rewards (ESOP's, share options, profit sharing)
⩥ Define gainsharing. Answer: calculates employee bonuses from the
work units cost savings and productivity improvement (surplus is
divided among members of team- improves team dynamics, knowledge
sharing, pay satisfaction)
⩥ define employee share ownership plans (ESOP's). Answer: employees
are encouraged to buy company stock at a discounted price. occurs in the
form of dividends and market appreciation of shares.
creates ownership culture
⩥ define share options. Answer: gives employees the right to purchase
company shares at a predetermined price up to a fixed expiration date.
motivates employees to make the company more profitable- reap value
above the purchased price
, creates ownership culture
⩥ define profit share plan. Answer: employees receive a percentage of
the previous years company profits
⩥ define a job and job design. Answer: job- tasks performed by a person
job design- assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of
those tasks with other jobs
⩥ define job specialization. Answer: occurs when work required to serve
a customer or provide product/ service is subdivided into separate jobs
assigned to different people
⩥ define scientific management. Answer: mainly associated with high
levels of job specialization and standardization of tasks to achieve
maximum efficiency . consists of a toolkit of activities (employee
selection, training, goal setting, and work incentives) that increase
productivity
⩥ what are the two conflicting outputs of job specialization?. Answer: -
individuals master their work faster than employees do in jobs with a
wide variety of tasks
-many jobs are specialized to the point where they are highly repetitive
and tedious
