NR503 FINAL EXAMINATION TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Outbreak. Answer: the occurrence of disease in excess of what would
normally be expected in a community, location, or time of year. May last
a matter of days, weeks, or years
● Quarantine. Answer: The separation and restriction of people who
were exposed to contagious disease to see whether they become ill
● Isolation. Answer: seperation of sick people from those who are not ill
● Disaster epidemiology. Answer: the use of epidemiology to assess
short- and long- term health effects of disasters. Predict consequences of
of future disasters.
Brings together various topic areas of epidemiology including acute,
communicable disease, environmental health, occupational health,
chronic disease, injury, mental health, and behavioral health
● What causes new strains/outbreaks of disease. Answer: Antigenic Drift
& Antigentic Shift
, ● Antigenic Drift. Answer: SMALL CHANGES (mutations) in the genes
of a virus that can lead to surface protein changes
-happen continually over time as virus replicates
-Why people can get a virus (flu) more than once and why vaccines have
to be updated
● Antigenic Shift. Answer: Abrupt, MAJOR CHANGES in a virus,
resulting in new surface proteins that may affect humans
-happens less than the drift
-example: virus from an animal population now gains the ability to
infect humans
● Type A viruses. Answer: undergo both antigenic drift and shift
the only flu viruses known to cause PANDEMICS
● Type B viruses. Answer: change only by the more gradual process of
antigenic shift
● Preparation and Actions for future Pandemics. Answer: CDC will
request the public and healthcare provides to decrease the spread of
disease through isolation, closing schools, and distance
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Outbreak. Answer: the occurrence of disease in excess of what would
normally be expected in a community, location, or time of year. May last
a matter of days, weeks, or years
● Quarantine. Answer: The separation and restriction of people who
were exposed to contagious disease to see whether they become ill
● Isolation. Answer: seperation of sick people from those who are not ill
● Disaster epidemiology. Answer: the use of epidemiology to assess
short- and long- term health effects of disasters. Predict consequences of
of future disasters.
Brings together various topic areas of epidemiology including acute,
communicable disease, environmental health, occupational health,
chronic disease, injury, mental health, and behavioral health
● What causes new strains/outbreaks of disease. Answer: Antigenic Drift
& Antigentic Shift
, ● Antigenic Drift. Answer: SMALL CHANGES (mutations) in the genes
of a virus that can lead to surface protein changes
-happen continually over time as virus replicates
-Why people can get a virus (flu) more than once and why vaccines have
to be updated
● Antigenic Shift. Answer: Abrupt, MAJOR CHANGES in a virus,
resulting in new surface proteins that may affect humans
-happens less than the drift
-example: virus from an animal population now gains the ability to
infect humans
● Type A viruses. Answer: undergo both antigenic drift and shift
the only flu viruses known to cause PANDEMICS
● Type B viruses. Answer: change only by the more gradual process of
antigenic shift
● Preparation and Actions for future Pandemics. Answer: CDC will
request the public and healthcare provides to decrease the spread of
disease through isolation, closing schools, and distance
