NUR 370 Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers

NUR 370 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers

What |is |the |difference |between |the |factors |responsible |for |fluid |and |electrolyte |imbalances |for
|adults |and |children? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-In |children, |a |larger |part |of |their |total |body |


weight |is |made |up |of |fluid. |Also, |a |larger |part |of |their |fluid |is |in |the |ECF.



What |is |insensible |fluid |loss? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Loss |of |fluid |through |the |skin |(2/3) |and |
the |respiratory |tract |(1/3)

Influenced |by |heat |and |humidity, |body |temp, |and |RR



What |causes |hyponatremia |and |what |are |its |symptoms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It's |
associated |with |increased |GI |output |(vomiting, |diarrhea, |etc), |diuretics, |sweating |and |renal |
disease.

S/S: |headache, |muscle |weakness, |abdominal |cramps, |lethargy, |oliguria, |and |cerebral |edema



What |causes |hypernatremia |and |what |are |its |symptoms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It's |
associated |with |excess |intake |or |an |increased |water |loss |related |to |sodium |loss |(watery |
diarrhea).

S/S: |edema, |flushed |skin, |dry |mucous |membranes, |elevated |temp, |intense |thirst, |**risk |for |
seizures



What |causes |hypokalemia |and |what |are |its |symptoms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It's |associated
|with |loss |of |GI |fluids |or |hydration |with |IV |fluids |that |don't |adequately |replace |body |fluid |


losses.

S/S: |lethargy, |confusion, |dizziness, |arrhythmias, |diarrhea, |hypotension |and |EKG |chages

,What |causes |hyperkalemia |and |what |are |its |symptoms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It's |
associated |with |tissue |necrosis, |hemolysis, |renal |failure, |or |rapid |infusion |of |IV |potassium.

S/S: |abdominal |cramps, |muscle |weakness, |arrhythmias, |EKG |changes, |and |potential |cardiac |
arrest.



What |should |you |ALWAYS |check |is |occurring |before |administering |potassium? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Urinary |output



Chloride |Imbalances |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Directly |mimics |hypernatremia



What |does |Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH) |cause? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ADH |causes |renal |
tubules |to |reabsorb |water



What |does |Aldosterone |hormone |cause? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Aldosterone |causes |distal |
renal |tubules |to |reabsorb |sodium |and |excrete |potassium.



What |are |the |ABG |values |for |kids? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pH: |7.37-7.49

PaCO2: |32-48

HCO3: |18-25



What |causes |respiratory |acidosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Inadequate |ventilation

CNS |or |neuromuscular |issues

Pnumothorox



What |causes |respiratory |alkalosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hyperventilation

HF

Hepatic |failure

Fever

, What |causes |metabolic |acidosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA

Diarrhea

Renal |Failure

Shock



What |causes |metabolic |alkalosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Vomiting

Prolonged |NG |suction

Hypokalemia

Diuretics



What |happens |during |isotonic |dehydration? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Loss |of |electrolytes |and
|loss |of |water |are |approximately |equal



- |Sodium |remain |within |normal |limits

- |Increased |heart |rate |that |becomes |thready |and |weak

- |Increased |BP



What |happens |during |hypotonic |dehydration? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Sodium |loss |exceeds |
water |loss, |causing |the |serum |to |be |hypotonic, |fluid |shifts |from |ECF |to |ICF



What |happens |during |hypertonic |dehydration? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Water |exceeds |
electrolyte |loss

- |Neurologic |dysfunction, |altered |LOC |and |the |inability |to |concentrate |manifest



How |do |you |manage |dehydration? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Correct |fluid |and |electrolyte |
imbalance |(20 |mL/kg |of |NS)

ORT |for |rehydration |(less |expensive |and |easier |to |administer)