1|Page
NUR 114 Exam #4 Questions and Answers with
Solutions
what is heart failure? - ANSWER a clinical syndrome
characterized by symptoms of fluid overload and poor tissue
perfusion that both result in *decreased cardiac output*
HF is a chronic, _____________ condition that is managed
with? - ANSWER progressive.
It is managed with lifestyle changes and medications to prevent
episodes of acute decompensated heart failure
which race has a higher incidence of HF, african americans or
caucasians? - ANSWER african americans
Frank-Starling Law - ANSWER the greater the stretch, the
stronger is the heart's contraction.
*associated with HF*
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how many classifications of HF are there? - ANSWER four; A-D,
with D being the final and worst. D indicates end-stage HF
what marker tells us "how much fluid is on board" - ANSWER
BNP - should be less than 100.
what is the normal ejection fraction percentage in a healthy
heart? - ANSWER 55%-65%
what are the s/s of right sided heart failure? - ANSWER 1. JVD
2. Dependant Edema
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Ascites
5. Weight gain
6. Polyuria (nocturia)
Edema usually affects the feet and ankles and worsens when? -
ANSWER the patient stands or sits for long periods of time
*telling patient to elevate the legs can help decrease edema*
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what are the s/s of left sided HF? - ANSWER 1. dyspnea / DOE
2. cough (dry, nonproductive initially)
3. pulmonary crackles
4. decreased O2 sat
5. S3 (ventricular gallop)
6. orthopnea
7. oliguria
8. frothy sputum
*L*eft = *L*ung issues
what are some potential complications of HF? - ANSWER - poor
perfusion
- dysrhythmias
- thromboembolism
- pericardial effusion / cardiac tamponade
- pulmonary edema
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what tests might be done to diagnose HF? - ANSWER - BNP is a
key diagnostic factor. Levels greater than 100 indicate high
cardiac filling.
electrolytes, urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine, ECG,
echocardiogram, ABG's, CXR, and a variety of other tests may
be used
the goals of medical management of HF may include? -
ANSWER relieving patient symptoms, improving functional
status, and quality of life, and to extend survival
what are some lifestyle recommendations for a patient with
HF? - ANSWER - restriction of dietary sodium
- avoidance of smoking (including passive)
- avoid excessive fluids and alcohol
- weight reduction if indicated
- regular exercise
Name the medications that may be used for treatment of HF? -
ANSWER - Ace inhibitors
NUR 114 Exam #4 Questions and Answers with
Solutions
what is heart failure? - ANSWER a clinical syndrome
characterized by symptoms of fluid overload and poor tissue
perfusion that both result in *decreased cardiac output*
HF is a chronic, _____________ condition that is managed
with? - ANSWER progressive.
It is managed with lifestyle changes and medications to prevent
episodes of acute decompensated heart failure
which race has a higher incidence of HF, african americans or
caucasians? - ANSWER african americans
Frank-Starling Law - ANSWER the greater the stretch, the
stronger is the heart's contraction.
*associated with HF*
,2|Page
how many classifications of HF are there? - ANSWER four; A-D,
with D being the final and worst. D indicates end-stage HF
what marker tells us "how much fluid is on board" - ANSWER
BNP - should be less than 100.
what is the normal ejection fraction percentage in a healthy
heart? - ANSWER 55%-65%
what are the s/s of right sided heart failure? - ANSWER 1. JVD
2. Dependant Edema
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Ascites
5. Weight gain
6. Polyuria (nocturia)
Edema usually affects the feet and ankles and worsens when? -
ANSWER the patient stands or sits for long periods of time
*telling patient to elevate the legs can help decrease edema*
,3|Page
what are the s/s of left sided HF? - ANSWER 1. dyspnea / DOE
2. cough (dry, nonproductive initially)
3. pulmonary crackles
4. decreased O2 sat
5. S3 (ventricular gallop)
6. orthopnea
7. oliguria
8. frothy sputum
*L*eft = *L*ung issues
what are some potential complications of HF? - ANSWER - poor
perfusion
- dysrhythmias
- thromboembolism
- pericardial effusion / cardiac tamponade
- pulmonary edema
, 4|Page
what tests might be done to diagnose HF? - ANSWER - BNP is a
key diagnostic factor. Levels greater than 100 indicate high
cardiac filling.
electrolytes, urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine, ECG,
echocardiogram, ABG's, CXR, and a variety of other tests may
be used
the goals of medical management of HF may include? -
ANSWER relieving patient symptoms, improving functional
status, and quality of life, and to extend survival
what are some lifestyle recommendations for a patient with
HF? - ANSWER - restriction of dietary sodium
- avoidance of smoking (including passive)
- avoid excessive fluids and alcohol
- weight reduction if indicated
- regular exercise
Name the medications that may be used for treatment of HF? -
ANSWER - Ace inhibitors
