NUR 631 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DETAILED FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS

NUR 631 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DETAILED FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS What houses cellular genetic information? - Correct Ans-Nucleus What is cellular suicide? - Correct Ans-Apoptosis What happens with impaired cellular metabolism? - Correct Ans-Accumulation of waste products, impaired ATP production How does water move between inter and extracellular space? - Correct Ans-Osmosis What protein detects the presence of a neural tube defect in a fetus? - Correct Ans Increased Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) What are common defects seen in Trisomy 21? - Correct Ans--Flat nose -Wide spaced eyes -No creases in palms -Heart defects -Low set ears -IQ 70 or less What cells within wound healing and inflammation maintain the status of the cell? - Correct Ans-Housekeeping What happens if a newborn does not have enough collectin protein? - Correct Ans Increased risk of respiratory infection What is active acquired immunity? - Correct Ans-Gathered through exposure to a virus or through vaccination. Where do B lymphocytes mature? - Correct Ans-Bone marrow What is a type II hypersensitivity? - Correct Ans-Allergic reaction Why do we give Rhogram? And to who? - Correct Ans-Prevents hemolytic anemia. Give to Rh- mom with Rh+ baby. When are exotoxins released? - Correct Ans-With bacterial growth What type of cells control fungal infections? - Correct Ans--T lymphocytes -Phagocytes What hormone is affected by stress? - Correct Ans-Cortisol How does stress affect blood glucose? - Correct Ans-Increases due to cortisol release When a patient develops MODS, what helps cells change to a proinflammation state? - Correct Ans-Interleukins How dehydrated does a child have to be to be hypotensive? - Correct Ans-10% Why do we worry about urinary function in children with electrical burns? - Correct Ans Immature kidneys, damaged muscles release myoglobulin which cannot be processed by kidneys. What kind of cancer can be avoided with exercise? - Correct Ans-Colon cancer Exposure to what virus has a carcinogenic effect on children? - Correct Ans-Epstein Barre Virus Exposure to what increases a child's risk of cancer? - Correct Ans--Chemotherapy -EBV -Ionizing radiation -2nd hand cigarette smoke What are granulocytes with vasoactive histamine? - Correct Ans-Basophils What is it called when you cannot absorb B12? - Correct Ans-Pernicious anemia What is aplastic anemia? - Correct Ans-Pancytopenia, deficits in erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes What sex is hemophilia highest in? - Correct Ans-Men What gene is hemophilia dependent on? - Correct Ans-X-linked recessive What does B12 deficiency cause? - Correct Ans-Degranulation of the myelin sheath What genetic materials will translocate in CML? - Correct Ans-Genes 9 & 22 abnormally fuse and make BCRABL1 What causes sickle cell disease? - Correct Ans-Genetic mutation, valene replaces amino acid, glutamate Where is oxytocin produced? - Correct Ans-Posterior pituitary What does desmopressin do? - Correct Ans-Vasoconstrict What regulates calcium absorption? - Correct Ans-Parathyroid hormone What do we look for in small cell carinoma of the stomach? - Correct Ans-ADH TBI patient has increased UOP of 5-7L/day. What medication should be administered? - Correct Ans-DDAP What would you see in the urine of a diabetic patient? - Correct Ans-Glucose Why do we see neurovascular injury with diabetes? - Correct Ans-Thickened basement membrane, hyperplasia Why do diabetic patients need frequent eye exams? - Correct Ans-Vasoconstriction causes retinopathy Signs of hypothyroidism? - Correct Ans--Dry skin -Lethargy -Hair loss -Bradycardia -Constipation Why do older adults lose weight? - Correct Ans--Decreased sense of taste -Constipation -Polypharmacy -Poor dental hygiene -Social isolation Inability to discern sharp from dull indicates and injury where in the brain? - Correct Ans-The Pons What part of the brain controls involuntary movement such as balance and posture? - Correct Ans-Cerebellum Which facial nerve controlsl facial expressions - Correct Ans-Cranial nerve 7 You suspect cranial nerve 7 injury. What do you ask your patient to do? - Correct Ans Smile How do you differentiate between upper and lower nerve injury? - Correct Ans-Lower - permanent paralysis Upper - gradual recovery What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum - Correct Ans-Tentorium cerebelli If a patient has a defect in their arachnoid villi, what would you see at decreased levels? - Correct Ans-CSF What part of the brain allows you to focus/attention? - Correct Ans-Pre-frontal If a patient is experiencing a dream state seizure what type is this? - Correct Ans Complex focal seizure What edema is caused by increased capillary permeability in the brain? - Correct Ans Vasogenic cerebral edema During NIH, you ask the pt to close their eyes, hand them a pen, and ask them to identify the object. They are unable, what is this called? - Correct Ans-Tactile agnosia A few patients are coming out post op. Which ones do you suspect will need pain medications? - Correct Ans--Rotator cuff repair -Gallbladder removal -Crush injury What are the pain transmitting neurons in the spinal cord? - Correct Ans-Dorsal ganglion root What are endogenous opioids? - Correct Ans-Endorphins What other disorder do you look for in a pt with a diagnosis of pituitary hypothalamic adrenal systems? - Correct Ans-Major depression disorder What is decreased in major depression disorder? - Correct Ans-Serotonin What electrolyte dysfunction do you see in lithium toxicity? - Correct Ans-Hyponatremia Deschenes Muscular Dystrophy is what type of genetic disorder? - Correct Ans-X-linked recessive What is the association between major depression and cortisol levels? - Correct Ans Increased cortisol levels lead to inflammation, then depression. What is the pericardium? - Correct An