NR 450 Exam -4 270+ (Latest 2026/2027 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

NR 450 EXAM #4

270+ (Latest 2025-2026 Edition)
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,Question 1
cirrhosis
Correct Answer
excessive, irreversible scarring of the liver usually caused by a chronic reaction a hepatic inflammation and
necrosis

Question 2
1) chronic alcoholism
2) viral hepatitis
3) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty liver)
- drugs and chemical toxins
- bile duct disease
- cardiovascular disease
- genetic disease
Correct Answer
causes of cirrhosis

Question 3
- ascites
- esophageal varices
- hepatic encephalopathy
Correct Answer
complications of cirrhosis

Question 4
ascites
Correct Answer
collection of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity caused by increased hydrostatic pressure from portal HTN
resulting in fluid shifts (form of third spacing)

Question 5
esophageal varices
Correct Answer
thin walled esophageal veins become distended and torturous from increased pressure that can result in bleeding

Question 6
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube
Correct Answer
treatment for bleeding esophageal varices




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,Question 7
hepatic encephalopathy
Correct Answer
a complex cognitive syndrome that results from liver failure and cirrhosis with manifestations of sleep/mood
disturbances, mental status changes, and speech problems

Question 8
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (WKS)
Correct Answer
combined presence of wernicke's encephalopathy and korsakoff's syndrome typically seen in alcoholics with a
thiamine deficiency (vision changes, ataxia, impaired memory)

Question 9
- fecal oral route
- flu-like symptoms
- self limiting
Correct Answer
manifestations of HAV

Question 10
- unprotected sexual intercourse with infected partner, sharing needles, accidental needle-stick, blood transfusions,
HD, close contact with open wounds, immunocompromised populations
- anorexia, N/V, fever, fatigue, RUQ pain, dark urine/light stool, joint pain, jaundice
Correct Answer
manifestations of HBV

Question 11
- blood to blood (illicit IV drug needle sharing, blood transfusions, needle stick, unsanitary tattoo equipment)
- asymptomatic and later found with abnormality in liver function
- chronic infection develops (progresses to cirrhosis)
Correct Answer
manifestations of HCV

Question 12
- defective RNA virus that needs the helper function of HBV
- parenteral routes (IV drug abusers, sexual contact with infected persons)
Correct Answer
manifestations of HDV




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, Question 13
- water borne infection associated with endemics in the Indian subcontinent, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East,
Mexico, Central/South America
- fecal contamination of food and water
- flu-like symptoms
- self-limiting
Correct Answer
manifestations of HEV


Question 14
pancreatitis
Correct Answer
inflammation of the pancreas which causes destructive cellular changes

Question 15
acute pancreatitis
Correct Answer
autodigestion of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes and development of fibrosis

Question 16
- biliary tract disease (presence of gallstones)
Correct Answer
most common cause of acute pancreatitis

Question 17
- pleural effusion
- atelectasis
- pneumonia
- ARDS
- DIC
Correct Answer
complications of acute pancreatitis





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